On effectiveness of integrating intermittent resources and electricity vehicles in the smart grid

The smart grid shall not only integrate the intermittent resources (IRs) to meet the diverse demands of users and reduce the greenhouse gas emission, but also integrate Electricity Vehicles (EVs) as the energy storage facility to smooth the bulk power generation over time. In this paper, we model and analyze the impact of integrating IRs and EVs on the bulk power generation in the smart grid. In particular, we introduce the reliability ratio to quantify the power generation capacity of intermittent resources and model the process of charging and discharging of EVs as a queuing system. We extend the Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) and include the reliability limit of IRs and the number of EVs in the power generation dispatch process and formally analyze the effect of IRs and EVs on the bulk power generation. We conduct extensive simulation and our data shows that increasing IRs can decrease the bulk generation and the curve of bulk generation over time becomes smooth as the number of EVs increases.