来自乔治亚州海岸表层水域的海洋变形虫

D. A. Munson
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The taxonomy of western European marine amoebae was studied by Page (1983), who published an extensive illustrated and descriptive key to most wellknown species. Bovee & Sawyer (1979) published a key to the marine amoebae of the northeastern United States, and Davis et al. (1978) published an account of species recovered from surface and deep waters of the open Atlantic Ocean. More recently, Fernandez et al. (1989) identified well-known and apparently widespread species from the northwest coast of Spain. Sawyer (1990) reviewed the historical significance of \"old\" and \"new\" species of marine amoebae. The present study probably is the most extensive survey of marine amoebae from warmer waters of the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States, with the exception of Schaeffer's (1926) studies in more southern waters of Tortugas Key, Florida. Sapelo Island is an Atlantic barrier island located off the coast of Georgia approximately 80 km south of the industrial port of Savannah. Its shoreline is a typical tidal marsh, where waters are influenced by freshwater runoff and saltwater intrusion at high tide. The island is sparsely inhabited by humans, but has a significant vertebrate fauna, including white tail deer, migratory waterfowl, alligators, and other reptiles. Annual temperatures vary from below freezing in the winter to over 37?C in the summer. The island and its coastal waters are ideally suited for studies of freshwater, soil, and marine protozoa in environments that are relatively free from influences of human activity. The present paper summarizes a three-month investigation (February-May 1987) of the diversity of amoeboid protozoa in both coastal and offshore surface waters surrounding the island. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface water samples of approximately 250-500 ml were collected in sterile glass bottles and filtered through 0.80-,um filters (Millipore Corporation, Bed' The author expresses sincere appreciation to the University of Georgia Marine Institute at Sapelo Island for allowing him to be a Visiting Scientist during the course of this investigation. Special appreciation is extended to the Director, Dr. James Alberts, and to Drs. Evelyn and Barry Sherr for their hospitality and encouragement. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 111(4): 360-364. 1992. ? Copyright, 1992, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.176 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:33:44 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 111, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1992 6 Gray'. 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引用次数: 13

摘要

近年来对浮游生态系统中海洋原生动物的研究主要集中在纤毛虫和鞭毛虫的分类及其在水生食物网中的作用。然而,对海洋变形虫的类似研究受到的关注要少得多。本调查是在乔治亚州萨皮罗岛沿海水域进行的,目的是建立一个数据库,并评估美国东南部近岸水域海洋变形虫属和种的多样性。在佐治亚州沿海地表水中鉴定出海洋变形虫15属29种。培养中最常见的菌种为河口Paramoeba、langae Platyamoeba、间日克莱顿菌(Clydonella vivera)、米拉万纳菌(Vannella mira)和gemifera mayorela。Page(1983)对西欧海洋变形虫的分类学进行了研究,他出版了一份广泛的插图和描述大多数知名物种的关键。Bovee & Sawyer(1979)发表了美国东北部海洋变形虫的关键,Davis et al.(1978)发表了从开放的大西洋表层和深水中恢复的物种的记录。最近,Fernandez等人(1989)在西班牙西北海岸发现了众所周知且明显广泛分布的物种。索耶(1990)回顾了海洋变形虫“老”种和“新”种的历史意义。目前的研究可能是对美国东南大西洋沿岸温暖水域的海洋变形虫进行的最广泛的调查,除了Schaeffer(1926)在佛罗里达州Tortugas Key更南部水域进行的研究。萨皮罗岛是一个大西洋堰洲岛,位于乔治亚州海岸外,距离萨凡纳工业港以南约80公里。它的海岸线是一个典型的潮汐沼泽,这里的水受到淡水径流和涨潮时盐水入侵的影响。岛上人烟稀少,但有大量的脊椎动物,包括白尾鹿、迁徙水禽、短吻鳄和其他爬行动物。年气温从冬季的零度以下到37度以上不等。C在夏天。该岛及其沿海水域非常适合在相对不受人类活动影响的环境中研究淡水、土壤和海洋原生动物。本文总结了1987年2月至5月3个月来对该岛周围沿海和近海地表水中变形虫原生动物多样性的调查。材料和方法将大约250-500毫升的地表水样本收集在无菌玻璃瓶中,并通过0.80,um过滤器(Millipore Corporation, Bed)过滤。作者对萨佩洛岛乔治亚大学海洋研究所允许他在本次调查过程中作为访问科学家表示诚挚的感谢。特别感谢主任詹姆斯·阿尔伯茨博士和博士。Evelyn和Barry Sherr感谢他们的热情和鼓励。反式。点。MICROSC。Soc。生物医学工程学报,31(4):364 -364。1992. ? 版权所有,1992年,美国显微学会。此内容下载自207.46.13.176星期一,2016年6月20日07:33:44 UTC所有使用须遵守http://about.jstor.org/terms卷111,NO。1992年10月4日格雷。珊瑚礁(离岸34公里)…沙卑罗岛(南端)
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Marine amoebae from Georgia coastal surface waters
Recent studies on marine protozoa in planktonic ecosystems have focused primarily on taxonomy of ciliates and flagellates and their role in aquatic food webs. Comparable studies of marine amoebae however, have received considerably less attention. The present investigation was carried out in the coastal waters of Sapelo Island, Georgia to obtain a data base and to assess the diversity of genera and species of marine amoebae in the nearshore waters of the southeastern United States. Twenty-nine species, representing 15 genera of marine amoebae, were identified from Georgia coastal surface waters. Paramoeba aestuarina, Platyamoeba langae, Clydonella vivax, Vannella mira, and Mayorella gemmifera, were the most common species observed in culture. The taxonomy of western European marine amoebae was studied by Page (1983), who published an extensive illustrated and descriptive key to most wellknown species. Bovee & Sawyer (1979) published a key to the marine amoebae of the northeastern United States, and Davis et al. (1978) published an account of species recovered from surface and deep waters of the open Atlantic Ocean. More recently, Fernandez et al. (1989) identified well-known and apparently widespread species from the northwest coast of Spain. Sawyer (1990) reviewed the historical significance of "old" and "new" species of marine amoebae. The present study probably is the most extensive survey of marine amoebae from warmer waters of the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States, with the exception of Schaeffer's (1926) studies in more southern waters of Tortugas Key, Florida. Sapelo Island is an Atlantic barrier island located off the coast of Georgia approximately 80 km south of the industrial port of Savannah. Its shoreline is a typical tidal marsh, where waters are influenced by freshwater runoff and saltwater intrusion at high tide. The island is sparsely inhabited by humans, but has a significant vertebrate fauna, including white tail deer, migratory waterfowl, alligators, and other reptiles. Annual temperatures vary from below freezing in the winter to over 37?C in the summer. The island and its coastal waters are ideally suited for studies of freshwater, soil, and marine protozoa in environments that are relatively free from influences of human activity. The present paper summarizes a three-month investigation (February-May 1987) of the diversity of amoeboid protozoa in both coastal and offshore surface waters surrounding the island. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface water samples of approximately 250-500 ml were collected in sterile glass bottles and filtered through 0.80-,um filters (Millipore Corporation, Bed' The author expresses sincere appreciation to the University of Georgia Marine Institute at Sapelo Island for allowing him to be a Visiting Scientist during the course of this investigation. Special appreciation is extended to the Director, Dr. James Alberts, and to Drs. Evelyn and Barry Sherr for their hospitality and encouragement. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 111(4): 360-364. 1992. ? Copyright, 1992, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.176 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:33:44 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 111, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1992 6 Gray'. Reef (34 km oflshore) ..SAPELO ISLAND (South End)
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