Face validity and content assessment of a diabetes nutrition education DVD for low literacy adults living with diabetes: a mixed-method study

Aim: A study was undertaken to assess the face validity and content correctness of a diabetes nutrition education (DNE)-DVD developed for low literacy adults living with diabetes. Setting: The study was undertaken in the city of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng province. Participants: Adults living with diabetes (n = 73, 18–65 years) attending a tertiary hospital diabetes outpatient clinic and 18 health professionals (HPs) with expertise in diabetes from three healthcare-related organisations were included. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used. Quantitative data were collected from patients (n = 63) using a Likert scale questionnaire, and from HPs using ‘Yes/No’ and Likert-scale questions. Qualitative data were collected using three focus-group discussions with patients (n = 10) and comments from HPs. Results: Quantitative results indicated that patients perceived the visuals to be clear, appealing, culturally appropriate, contained familiar images and aided in their understanding of diabetes. Both patients and HPs found the language, length and layout of the DVD to be suitable. The HPs perceived the content to be accurate and concise. The qualitative data supported the quantitative findings. Participants perceived the DNE-DVD to be useful for patients and families, and provided suggestions for improving the DVD. Conclusion: Quantitative and qualitative results agreed that the face validity and content correctness of the DNE-DVD was appropriate. Improving the DNE-DVD could further enhance its utility and effectiveness for the target population.