乌克兰石墨矿床地质及现代条件下的开采前景

G. Rudko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

石墨的提取及其在各种生产和技术领域的应用在许多国家的经济中发挥着重要作用。石墨是自然界中最常见的碳形式之一,其独特的特性(导电性好、硬度低、耐热和耐腐蚀性环境)被科学家广泛应用于各种科学发展中。2004年,来自英国曼彻斯特大学的俄罗斯研究人员安德烈·海姆和康斯坦丁·诺沃塞洛夫在《科学》杂志上发表了一篇关于第一个研究过的二维石墨烯晶体的性质的文章,以及对这种新材料性质的大量研究之后,对石墨矿的需求一直在增加,根据一些预测,到2026年,石墨矿的需求将超过4亿美元。天然鳞片石墨可用于新技术,如石墨烯,目前用于各种科学实验,以及锂离子电池、燃料电池、核能和太阳能发电厂的生产。本文简要介绍了Zavallivske石墨矿床的地质条件,这是乌克兰石墨的主要来源,并概述了可成为石墨矿额外储量的已确定区域的前景。最近在乌克兰新发现的石墨矿床(Burtynske, Balakhivske, Sachkinsko-Troitske, Zavallia地区的一些新地点)中有重要的预测资源,不仅可以保持在适当的水平,而且在必要时还可以扩大现有的矿物原料基础,因此乌克兰可以成为世界上最大的石墨产品供应商之一。石墨烯具有很高的机械强度和非常高的导热性。极高的电子迁移率使石墨烯成为应用于各个领域的前景材料,特别是作为纳米电子学的未来基础和集成电路中硅的可能替代品。介绍了石墨烯独特性能的应用结果。
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GEOLOGY OF GRAPHITE DEPOSITS OF UKRAINE AND PROSPECTS OF EXTRACTION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Extraction of graphite and its use in various spheres of production and technology play a significant role in the economies of many countries. Distinctive characteristics of graphite, which is one of the most common forms of carbon in nature (good electrical conductivity, low hardness, resistance to heat and aggressive environments), are widely used by scientists in various scientific developments. After British researchers of Russian origin from the University of Manchester Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov published an article about properties of the first studied two-dimensional graphene crystal in the journal Science in 2004, and numerous studies of properties of the new material, the demand for graphite ore has been increasing, and, according to some forecasts, it will amount to more than $ 400 million by 2026. Natural flake graphite can be used in new technologies, such as graphene, which is now used in various scientific experiments, as well as in the production of lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, nuclear and solar power plants. Geological conditions of the Zavallivske graphite deposit, which is the main source of graphite in Ukraine, have been briefly presented in the paper, and perspectives of identified areas that can become an additional reserve of graphite ore have been outlined. Significant prognosis resources of graphite in new deposits, which have been recently discovered in Ukraine (Burtynske, Balakhivske, Sachkinsko-Troitske, a number of new sites within the Zavallia area), allow not only to maintain at the appropriate level, but also, if necessary, expand existing mineral raw material base, so Ukraine could become one of the world's largest suppliers of graphite products. Graphene has a great mechanical strength and a very high thermal conductivity. An extremely high mobility of electrons makes graphene a perspective material for the application in various fields, in particular, as a future basis for nanoelectronics and possible replacement of silicon in integrated circuits. Results on the application of unique properties of graphene have been presented.
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HISTORY, CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF GEOELECTROMAGNETIC RESEARCH IN UKRAINE HIGHLY PROSPECTIVE OBJECTS OF THE MINERAL AND RAW MATERIAL BASE OF UKRAINE. PART 1. METALLIC MINERALS CRETACEOUS RIFTING IN THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN SECTOR OF THE BLACK SEA GEOPHYSICS OF PEDOSPHERE IN KYIV UNIVERSITY REGIONAL MINERAL AND RAW MATERIAL BASES AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE DURING THE WAR AND POST-WAR PERIODS
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