提高汽车拖拉机柴油机涡轮增压器轴承单元可靠性措施的研究

A. Trynov, D. Sivykh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了提高小型涡轮增压器,特别是轴承单元的可靠性,建议采用压缩空气局部冷却轴承的自动模式。考虑了带有中枢机壳的涡轮增压器的设计,中枢机壳内装有轴承,发动机润滑系统的机油在中枢机壳内承受超压。这种设计在拖拉机发动机的涡轮增压器中最为常见。强制发动机模式对轴承可能是至关重要的,伴随着废气温度的波动,例如,由于循环供应的不受控制的增加,负载的急剧增加。这种模式导致涡轮、转子的温度变形增加,降低了涡轮增压器的可靠性。转子通过轴承组件进入润滑系统的散热不足,需要额外的短期局部冷却。采用基于有限元法建立的数学模型,对某小型涡轮增压器轴承组件的传热过程进行了数值模拟。为了明确模型,即导热问题的边界条件,进行了一系列局部冷却轴承的非机动实验。在非电动化实验过程中,研究了自动控制系统的运行算法,选择了部分结构元件并进行了实际测试。非机动实验和数学建模结果证实了采用轴承组件局部自动冷却系统的有效性。这些措施提高了小型涡轮增压器的可靠性。
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DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO INCREASE RELIABILITY TURBOCHARGER BEARING UNIT AUTOTRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE
To increase the reliability of small turbochargers, in particular the bearing unit, it is proposed to use in the automatic mode of local cooling of the bearing with compressed air. The design of the turbocharger with the central case which houses the bearing and to which engine oil from the engine lubrication system is brought under excess pressure is considered. This design is the most common among turbochargers of tractor engines. Forced engine modes can be critical for the bearing, accompanied by fluctuations in the exhaust gas temperature, for example, due to an uncontrolled increase in cyclic supply, a sharp increase in load. Such modes lead to an increase in temperature deformations of the turbine wheel, rotor, reduce the reliability of the turbocharger. Heat dissipation from the rotor through the bearing assembly into the lubrication system is insufficient, additional short-term local cooling is required. The study simulated heat transfer processes in the bearing assembly of a small turbocharger using the developed mathematical model based on the finite element method. To clarify the model, namely the boundary conditions of the thermal conductivity problem, a series of non-motorized experiments with a locally cooled bearing were performed. In the course of non-motorized experiments, the algorithm of the automatic control system operation was worked out, some of its structural elements were selected and tested in practice. Conducted non-motorized experiments and the results of mathematical modeling confirmed the effectiveness of using the system of automatic local cooling of the bearing assembly. These measures increase the reliability of small turbochargers.
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