除糖尿病视网膜病变外的糖尿病眼部并发症

C. Makita, Charles Geraud Fredy Nganga Ngabou, E. Gombe, R. M. A. Koulimaya
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摘要

除糖尿病视网膜病变外,糖尿病的眼部并发症与视网膜并发症相比研究较少,视网膜并发症是导致失明的主要原因。我们报告了一项前瞻性研究的结果,回顾了糖尿病期间遇到的不同眼部状况。对200例1型和2型糖尿病患者的400只眼睛进行了为期8个月的检查。所有患者均接受了完整的眼科检查。57例糖尿病患者被诊断为眼部疾病,发生率为28.5%。男性42例,女性17例,平均年龄57.5岁。糖尿病的平均病程为11.8年。非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者占59.6%。白内障是最常见的眼部疾病,占45.6%,其次是原发性或慢性开角型青光眼(22.9%)和远视(12.3%)。52%的病例角膜敏感性下降,3.4%的病例(200只眼)出现双侧视神经病变。糖尿病的眼部并发症除糖尿病视网膜病变外,以白内障和青光眼为主。但也有可能导致失明的神经病变。因此,对于糖尿病患者潜在的退行性并发症,也应该进行系统的筛选和评估。
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Ocular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Except for Diabetic Retinopathy
The Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus except for diabetic retinopathy have been poorly studied compared retinal complications, which are the main cause of blindness. We report the results of a prospective study reviewing the different ocular conditions encountered during diabetes. Four hundred (400) eyes of two hundred (200) patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were examined during a period of 8 months. All included patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Fifty-seven diabetic patients were diagnosed of an ocular disease at a frequency of 28.5%. There were 42 male and 17 female patients with an average age of 57, 5 years old. The average duration of diabetes was 11.8 years. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was present in 59.6% of cases. Cataracts were the most common ocular diseases diagnosed in 45.6% of cases followed by primary or chronic open-angle glaucoma in 22.9% and hyperopia in 12.3% of cases. Corneal sensitivity was decreased in 52% of cases and bilateral optic neuropathy was found in 3.4% of cases (two hundred eyes). The ocular complications of diabetes mellitus except for diabetic retinopathy, are dominated by cataracts and glaucoma. But there are also neuropathies that may cause blindness. These conditions should therefore also be systematically screened for evaluations and reviews of potential degenerative complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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