绘像座b山球体凌日运动

IF 27.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/202040060
M. Kenworthy, S. N. Mellon, J. Bailey, R. Stuik, P. Dorval, G. Talens, S. Crawford, E. Mamajek, I. Laginja, M. Ireland, B. Lomberg, R. Kuhn, I. Snellen, K. Zwintz, R. Kuschnig, G. Kennedy, L. Abe, A. Agabi, D. Mékarnia, T. Guillot, F. Schmider, P. Stee, Y. De Pra, M. Buttu, N. Crouzet, P. Kalas, J. Wang, K. Stevenson, E. de Mooij, A. Lagrange, S. Lacour, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, M. Nowak, P. Strøm, Z. Hui, L. Wang
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目标1981年对β Pic的光度监测显示,在几天内异常波动高达4%,与前景物质过境恒星盘的情况一致。随后发现的气态巨行星β Pic b和预测的Hill球凌日在0.1 au的行星投影距离内,为在这个21±4 myr的行星系统中寻找环行星盘的凌日(CPD)提供了机会。我们的目标是通过对2017年和2018年发生的希尔球凌日的连续光度监测,探测或设定行星周围环境中物质的密度和性质的上限。β Pic的连续宽带光度监测需要多个经度的地面观测站提供冗余,并为快速光谱跟踪提供触发器。其中包括位于萨瑟兰和赛丁泉的专门监测β Pic的bRing天文台,康科迪亚的asstep400望远镜,以及空间天文台BRITE和哈勃太空望远镜(HST)。我们在组合光曲线中寻找由环引起的短周期瞬变事件的证据,以及由漫射绕行星物质引起的长期光度变化的证据。我们没有发现与1981年11月观测到的事件相匹配的光度事件,也没有系统的光度变暗作为希尔球半径的函数。我们得出结论,1981年的事件不是由围绕β Pic b的CPD凌日引起的。β Pic长期变化的上限为Hill球内1.8 × 1022 g的尘埃(与半径约100公里的小行星16 Psyche相当)。环绕行星的物质要么凝结成一个不经过β Pic的圆盘,要么凝结成一个有卫星的圆盘,其倾角不与希尔球后面的β Pic的路径相交,或者低于我们的检测阈值。这是一个专门的国际运动第一次绘制了一颗10天文单位的太阳系外气体巨行星的希尔球凌日图。
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The β Pictoris b Hill sphere transit campaign
Aims. Photometric monitoring of β Pic in 1981 showed anomalous fluctuations of up to 4% over several days, consistent with foreground material transiting the stellar disk. The subsequent discovery of the gas giant planet β Pic b and the predicted transit of its Hill sphere to within a 0.1 au projected separation of the planet provided an opportunity to search for the transit of a circumplanetary disk (CPD) in this 21 ± 4 Myr-old planetary system. We aim to detect, or put an upper limit on, the density and nature of the material in the circumplanetary environment of the planet via the continuous photometric monitoring of the Hill sphere transit that occurred in 2017 and 2018. Methods. Continuous broadband photometric monitoring of β Pic requires ground-based observatories at multiple longitudes to provide redundancy and to provide triggers for rapid spectroscopic follow-up. These include the dedicated β Pic monitoring bRing observatories in Sutherland and Siding Springs, the ASTEP400 telescope at Concordia, and the space observatories BRITE and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We search the combined light curves for evidence of short-period transient events caused by rings as well as for longer-term photometric variability due to diffuse circumplanetary material. Results. We find no photometric event that matches with the event seen in November 1981, and there is no systematic photometric dimming of the star as a function of the Hill sphere radius. Conclusions. We conclude that the 1981 event was not caused by the transit of a CPD around β Pic b. The upper limit on the long-term variability of β Pic places an upper limit of 1.8 × 1022 g of dust within the Hill sphere (comparable to the ~100 km radius asteroid 16 Psyche). Circumplanetary material is either condensed into a disk that does not transit β Pic, condensed into a disk with moons that has an obliquity that does not intersect with the path of β Pic behind the Hill sphere, or is below our detection threshold. This is the first time that a dedicated international campaign has mapped the Hill sphere transit of an extrasolar gas giant planet at 10 au.
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来源期刊
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
45.00
自引率
0.80%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review is a journal that covers all areas of astronomy and astrophysics. It includes subjects related to other fields such as laboratory or particle physics, cosmic ray physics, studies in the solar system, astrobiology, instrumentation, and computational and statistical methods with specific astronomical applications. The frequency of review articles depends on the level of activity in different areas. The journal focuses on publishing review articles that are scientifically rigorous and easily comprehensible. These articles serve as a valuable resource for scientists, students, researchers, and lecturers who want to explore new or unfamiliar fields. The journal is abstracted and indexed in various databases including the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), BFI List, CNKI, CNPIEC, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, Dimensions, EBSCO Academic Search, EI Compendex, Japanese Science and Technology, and more.
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