为获得最高效率而调整反排助剂表面活性剂的烷氧基化

F. C. D. Rezende, R. B. Rabelo, Lílian Kinouti, C. Ewbank, O. Poltronieri
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本研究在对非离子表面活性剂进行优化的基础上,开发了一种新型的助排剂表面活性剂。目的是满足表面活性剂的固有特性,如高浊点(CP)、低表面张力(ST)、适当的接触角(CA)和低临界胶束浓度(CMC)。除了基本的物理化学性质外,还旨在改善流体采收率和乳液相容性。通过控制环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷在不同疏水链上的引入,定制亲水性头,对表面活性剂进行了优化。表面张力测量用数据物理仪器模型OCA-15进行。接触角采用固滴法测量。并对CMC浓度和浊点进行了理化表征。为了进行流体采收率评估,将反排液倒入150g 60/150目的干燥多孔介质中,该介质包含在内径为7厘米、长为9.5厘米的柱中。采用不同比例的原油和卤水进行了乳状液配伍试验。本文评价了线性烷氧基表面活性剂和支链烷氧基表面活性剂在水力压裂返排中的应用。高云点使温度应用范围广,EO含量的增加显示云点值的增加,与PO效应相反。然而,CMC测量表明,在最佳情况下,EO的添加量不应该很高,因为CMC值可能会出现不希望的增加,这将影响所需的最终表面活性剂用量。所有反排助剂的表面张力都很低(约低于32 mN/m),但每种助剂的表面润湿性(接触角)不同,与表面活性剂结构无关。不同的烷氧基化调整可显著提高流体采收率和破乳动力学。与标准表面活性剂相比,新开发的反排助剂提高了流体采收率。此外,在乳化液破裂评估中,在优异的动力学、最终破裂和水质方面也发现了显著的改善。这项工作使人们更好地了解了EO/PO如何影响表面活性剂的固有性质,并使人们能够找到一种表面活性剂,这种表面活性剂在原油和水的流体回收和不乳化方面具有多种优势。
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Tailoring Alkoxylation of Flowback Aid Surfactants for Maximum Efficiency
In this study, a novel surfactant for flowback aid application was developed based on an optimization of well-known non-ionic surfactants. The objective was to meet intrinsic surfactant properties, such as high cloud point (CP), low surface tension (ST), adequate contact angle (CA) and low critical micelle concentration (CMC). In addition to the essential physical-chemical properties, improvement in fluid recovery and emulsion compatibility were also targeted. The surfactants were optimized by tailoring the hydrophilic head through controlled introduction of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide into different hydrophobic chains. Surface tension measurements were made with a Dataphysics Instruments model OCA-15. Contact angles were measured using the sessile-drop method. The CMC concentration and cloud point were also conducted for physical chemical characterization. For the fluid recovery evaluation, flowback solutions were poured through 150g of 60/150 mesh- dry porous media contained in a 7 cm-inner-diameter, 9.5- cm-long column. Emulsion compatibility tests were also carried out using different proportions of crude oil and brine. This paper evaluates various flowback additives in hydraulic fracturing applications between linear and branched alkoxylated surfactants. High cloud point enables a wide range of temperature applications and an increase in EO content showed an increase in cloud point values, contrary to PO effect. Nevertheless, CMC measurements showed that for an optimum scenario, EO addition should not be high, because undesired increases in CMC values may occur, which will affect the final surfactant dosage needed. All flowback aids demonstrated low surface tension as expected (approximately below 32 mN/m), but each being different in terms of surface wettability (contact angle), which could not be correlated with surfactant structure. Fluid recovery and kinetics of emulsion breakage increased significantly with different alkoxylation adjustments. For the new flowback aid developed, the fluid recovery was improved when compared against standard surfactants. Additionally, significant improvement was also found during emulsion breakage evaluation in terms of superior kinetics, final breakage, and water quality. This work provided a better understanding of how EO/PO affects intrinsic surfactant properties and enabled to find a surfactant that offers several benefits in terms of fluid recovery and non-emulsification of crude oil and water.
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