由蓝藻细菌和嗜蓝地衣引起的耶路撒冷石灰石墙壁和罗马大理石纪念碑的恶化

Avinoam Danin, Giulia Caneva
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引用次数: 102

摘要

研究人员研究了耶路撒冷坚硬的石灰岩墙壁和罗马的大理石纪念碑。试图对面对盛行风的墙壁和那些受其保护的墙壁的主要生物降解过程进行分类。在耶路撒冷,那些面对盛行的雨风的地方被蓝藻和嗜蓝地衣所覆盖。在大约100年的时间里,白色的墙壁会被这些生物变成灰色或黑色。雨水以每200年1毫米的速度将岩石颗粒从微生物附近分离出来。罗马大理石纪念碑上的深色斑块表明蓝藻的存在。这种生物活动促进了雨水对颗粒的分离,加速了风化作用,导致坑的形成。在Traianum论坛中,估计的点蚀率为每40年1毫米。为了防止石灰岩和大理石纪念碑的生物退化,必须考虑各种微生物的栖息地和生态需求。
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Deterioration of limestone walls in Jerusalem and marble monuments in Rome caused by cyanobacteria and cyanophilous lichens

Hard limestone walls in Jerusalem and marble monuments in Rome were studied. An attempt was made to classify the principal biodeterioration processes in walls facing the prevailing wind and those which were protected from it. In Jerusalem, those that face the prevailing rain-bearing wind become populated by cyanobacteria and cyanophilous lichens. Within c. 100 years white walls are turned to grey or black colour by these organisms. Rain detaches rock particles from the vicinity of the microorganisms at a rate of 1 mm in 200 years. Dark patches on marble monuments in Rome indicate the presence of cyanobacteria. Such biological activity promotes detachment of particles by rain and accelerates weathering leading to pit formation. The estimated rate of pitting is 1 mm per 40 years in the Forum Traianum. To prevent the biodeterioration of limestone and marble monuments the habitats and ecological demands of the various microorganisms must be considered.

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