Influence of external field direction on polarization rotation in antiferroelectric squaric acid H2C4O4

Using the previously developed model we explore the processes of polarization rotation in antiferroelectric crystals of squaric acid by the electric fields directed arbitrarily within the ac plane. Except for some particular directions of the field, the two-step polarization reorientation at low temperatures is predicted: first, to the noncollinear phase with perpendicular sublattice polarizations and then to the collinear ferroelectric phase. However, when the field is directed along the axis of spontaneous sublattice polarizations, the intermediate noncollinear phase is absent; when the field is at 45° to this axis, the field for transition to the ferroelectric phase tends to infinity. The ground state proton configurations and the directions of the sublattice polarization vectors are determined for all field orientations. The T-E phase diagrams are constructed for the fields directed along the diagonals of the ac plane and for the above discussed particular directions of the field.