覆盖作物反刍放牧对土壤性质和农业生产的影响

Hanna Poffenbarger
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引用次数: 6

摘要

通过允许反刍动物放牧覆盖作物,将牲畜纳入种植系统可能会产生经济和环境效益。本文综述了放牧对土壤物理性质、土壤有机质、氮素循环和农业生产的影响。审查发现,放牧覆盖作物通常会导致堆积密度增加,特别是在免耕系统中。另一方面,常规耕作条件下放牧对土壤穿透阻力和团聚体稳定性的负面影响比免耕更为突出。在高强度和湿润土壤中,放牧对土壤物理性质的有害影响最为严重。放牧条件下微生物生物量C高于未放牧条件。放牧时氮素含量高于未放牧时;然而,这只适用于传统耕作系统。一般来说,放牧覆盖作物对初级作物产量没有负面影响。覆盖作物为牛提供了营养丰富的饲料,并通过抵消干草或其他牧草的使用而降低了饲料成本。
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Ruminant Grazing of Cover Crops: Effects on Soil Properties and Agricultural Production

Integrating livestock into a cropping system by allowing ruminant animals to graze cover crops may yield economic and environmental benefits. The effects of grazing on soil physical properties, soil organic matter, nitrogen cycling and agricultural production are presented in this literature review. The review found that grazing cover crops generally led to increased bulk density, especially in no-till systems. On the other hand, the negative effects of grazing on penetration resistance and aggregate stability were more prominent under conventional tillage than no-till. The deleterious effects of grazing on soil physical properties were most severe when grazing was implemented at high intensity and on wet soils. Microbial biomass C was higher under grazed conditions than ungrazed conditions. Nitrogen was found to be higher when cover crops were grazed than not grazed; however, this was only true for conventional tillage systems. Generally, grazing cover crops did not negatively affect primary crop yields. Cover crops provided nutritious forage for cattle and reduced feed costs by offsetting the use of hay or other pasture.

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