Biocatalytic Attributes of Laccase and its Applications in Bioremediation

Laccases are proteins with multiple copper atoms that utilize molecular oxygen to catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds by a radical-catalyzed mechanism. They are the main focus of researchers due to their varied applications, for example, waste detoxification, textile transformation, and biosensor applications. Laccases help in the degradation of xenobiotics, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and chlorinated phenolics. They are used to bleach textiles and decolorize dyes. They also play a bioremediatory role in the pulp and paper industry for the detoxification of effluent. Moreover, laccases help in the removal of detrimental micropollutants, such as nonylphenol and bisphenol A. They also degrade wastewater contaminants, such as 2-hydroxybiphenyl, naproxen, and diethyl phthalate. The remarkable biocatalytic attributes of laccases, coupled with their wide range of applications, make them a promising solution for the treatment of pollutants and contaminants.