Impact of prior coronary bypass graft surgery on the outcomes of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background

Historically, patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have a worse prognosis than patients without prior CABG. However, more contemporary analyses have contested these findings. This study's aim was to evaluate the 30-day clinical outcomes in patients with and without prior CABG submitted to primary PCI.

Methods

Prospective cohort study, extracted from the database of Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, containing 1,854 patients undergoing primary PCI.

Results

Patients with prior CABG (3.8%) showed, in general, a more severe clinical profile. The time of symptom onset until arrival at the hospital was shorter in this group (2.50 hours [1.46 to 3.66] vs. 3.99 hours [1.99 to 6.50]; p < 0.001), while the door-to-balloon time was similar (1.33 hour [0.85 to 2.07] vs. 1.16 hour [0.88 to 1.58]; p = 0.12). Femoral access was more often used in the group with prior CABG (91.5% vs. 62.5%; p < 0.001). Manual thrombus aspiration was less often performed in this group (16.9% vs. 31.1%; p = 0.007), but there was no difference regarding the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (28.2% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.28). Angiographic success was lower in the group with prior CABG (80.3% vs. 93.3%; p = 0.009). At 30 days, patients with prior CABG had similar rates of major adverse cardiac events (14.1% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.28), and mortality, although numerically higher, was not statistically significant (13.2% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.07).

Conclusions

In this contemporary analysis, patients with prior CABG undergoing primary PCI had a more severe clinical profile and lower angiographic success, but showed no differences regarding 30-day clinical outcomes.