扭曲红豆杉凋落物分解动力学。西喜马拉雅地区

V. Panwar
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摘要

凋落物是有机质和土壤养分的重要来源。凋落物生产的质量和数量影响森林生态系统的碳和养分通量。本研究旨在测定弯曲红豆杉森林凋落物分解速率和大量营养元素(n、P、K、Ca和Mg)。结果表明:6 ~ 10月是分解失重的高峰期,2年研究期间的衰变常数(K)为0.534;分解受气候变量影响显著,与温度、降雨量、阴雨天数和相对湿度呈正相关。分解后的针叶中氮(0.97-1.27%)、磷(0.11-0.13%)浓度持续升高,钾(0.35-0.31%)、钙(0.93-0.45%)、镁(0.21-0.16%)含量逐渐降低。通过不同凋落物组分的输入,凋落物总养分回报(37.33 kg ha-1)的大小为Ca (15.09) > N (12.13) > K (5.73) > Mg (2.87) > P(1.50),其大小为针叶>细枝>树皮>杂凋落物>生殖凋落物。针叶凋落物的最大养分回报为15.82 kg ha-1,分别为N(6.49)、P(0.85)、K(2.84)、Ca(4.39)和Mg(1.24)。在针叶凋落物返回的总养分中,红豆杉的年释放量为67%,年积累量为33%。
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Litter decomposition dynamics of Taxus contorta Griff. in western Himalayan region
Litterfall is the essential source of organic matter and soil nutrients. The quality and quantity of litter production affect the carbon and nutrient fluxes in forest ecosystems. This study aims to determine the litter decomposition rate and macronutrients (N. P, K, Ca and Mg) in Taxus contorta Griff forests. The results showed that the maximum weight loss due to decomposition was recorded from June to October, and decay constant (K) was 0.534 during two years of study. Decomposition was significantly affected by climatic variables and positively correlated with temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days and relative humidity. The decomposing needles showed a continuous increase in nitrogen (0.97-1.27%) and phosphorus (0.11-0.13%) concentration and a gradual decrease in potassium (0.35-0.31%), calcium (0.93-0.45%) and magnesium (0.21-0.16%). Total nutrient return (37.33 kg ha-1) from the decomposing litter were observed in the order of Ca (15.09) > N (12.13) > K (5.73) > Mg (2.87) > P (1.50) through the input from different litter components, which were found in the order of needles > twigs > bark > miscellaneous litter > reproductive litter. Maximum nutrient return (15.82 kg ha-1) was observed through needle litter and was recorded as N (6.49), P (0.85), K (2.84), Ca (4.39) and Mg (1.24). Out of the total nutrients returned through needle litter, an annual release of 67% and accumulation of 33% nutrients over the forest floor of Taxus contorta was recorded.
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