MULTICULTURALISM AS A KEY PARAMETER OF THE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES

We live in a diverse multicultural world. Even the history of mankind cannot be considered as a linear process, where all peoples develop in the same way, according to the same program, simultaneously passing through the same stages of development, for example, primitive barbarism, feudalism, the industrial era, the era of laws. Thus, G.  Vico, A. Toynbee, P. Sorokin, O. Spengler and many other researchers imagined history in the form of real, separate, self-sufficient sociocultural worlds. Today, multiculturalism is still an actual problem for research. Most often, it is understood not only as tolerance of cultural diversity, but, first of all, as a requirement to recognize at the legislative level the rights of different racial, religious, and cultural groups for their peaceful and happy coexistence in one state. The issue of multiculturalism is also of particular importance for modern Ukraine, which is a complex state in terms of its ethnic structure, complex from a socio-cultural point of view, as its regions have different historical pasts and different visions of the future. In addition, the historical circumstances of the country’s development led to the fact that various national minorities with their own traditions, culture, and customs live on the territory of modern Ukraine. Ukraine is a culturally diverse country, which is why multiculturalism, tolerance, the idea of national unity, and issues of social integration remain relevant.