A possible mechanism of nonresonant heating of the chromosphere-corona transition zone

The steep temperature distribution with height in the solar chromosphere-corona transition zone is one of the unsolved problems in solar physics. This paper presents a qualitative and quantitative explanation to this steep distribution of temperature in terms of the pileup effect of the oscillations in a plasma and the mechanism of wave-particles nonresonant heating. Analysis shows that if a proton beam of high energy is continuously injected into the transition zone from the chromosphere, the steep distribution of temperature is able to appear in a narrow layer through the plasma wave-particles nonlinear interactions.