Epidemioclinical Aspects of the Oral Cavity Cancers in Ziguinchor, South of Senegal

Introduction: The oral cavity cancer or oral cancer (OC) is a malignant neoplasia that is part of the UADT’s cancers (Upper aero digestives tract). It represents 25 to 30% on average. Tobacco, potentiated by alcohol, remains the main risk factor. Men seem to be twice as affected as women are and nearly 95% of patients are between 40 and 60 years old. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemioclinical profile of the oral cavity cancers in Ziguinchor in southern Senegal. Patients and Methodology: We conducted a retrospective transversal study in the ENT and cervicofacial surgery department of the Ziguinchor Regional Hospital over a period of 10 years. Our target population consisted of patients of all ages whose records showed oral cavity cancer with histological confirmation. Data were recorded and analyzed using IBM statistical package for social (SPSS) version 24.0 software. Results: This study included 20 patients that have oral cavity cancer with histological confirmation. The ages of the patients ranged from 17 years to 78 years. Female subjects were the most numerous, at 80% (n = 16) of the total population. Eighty percent (n = 16) of the subjects presented a macroscopic aspect of ulcerative budding tumor. Forty-five percent (n = 9) of the patients received were smoking and 45% (n = 9) of the patients combined tobacco and alcohol. Squamous cell carcinoma was the only histological type found. It was well differentiated in 50% (of the cases (n = 10), only in women. Conclusion: oral cavity cancers present epidemio clinical particularities in Ziguinchor. Indeed, in our context, they affect women more than men. The therapeutic attitude towards this clinical entity must consider the specificities of the population. These new data are helping to update data on UADT’s cancer in Senegal.