STARD3:细胞内胆固醇运输的瑞士军刀

Contact Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI:10.1177/2515256419856730
Laetitia Voilquin, M. Lodi, Thomas Di Mattia, M. Chenard, C. Mathelin, F. Alpy, C. Tomasetto
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引用次数: 6

摘要

细胞内胆固醇转运是一个涉及特定载体蛋白的复杂过程。胆固醇结合蛋白,如脂质转移蛋白甾体性急性调节相关脂质转移结构域3 (STARD3),与细胞器之间的胆固醇运动有关。事实上,STARD3调节细胞内胆固醇的分配,通过减少其从质膜和有利于其通过内质网(ER)到核内体,在那里蛋白质定位。STARD3与内质网锚定伴侣,特别是囊泡相关膜蛋白相关蛋白(VAP-A和VAP-B)和运动精子结构域2 (MOSPD2)相互作用,形成内质网内体膜接触。机制研究表明,在内质网内体接触处,STARD3和VAP蛋白构建了一个能够快速转移胆固醇的分子机器。本文综述了STARD3在细胞内胆固醇转运中的分子和细胞功能的最新研究进展。
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STARD3: A Swiss Army Knife for Intracellular Cholesterol Transport
Intracellular cholesterol transport is a complex process involving specific carrier proteins. Cholesterol-binding proteins, such as the lipid transfer protein steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer domain-3 (STARD3), are implicated in cholesterol movements between organelles. Indeed, STARD3 modulates intracellular cholesterol allocation by reducing it from the plasma membrane and favoring its passage from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to endosomes, where the protein is localized. STARD3 interacts with ER-anchored partners, notably vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated proteins (VAP-A and VAP-B) and motile sperm domain-containing 2 (MOSPD2), to create ER–endosome membrane contacts. Mechanistic studies showed that at ER–endosome contacts, STARD3 and VAP proteins build a molecular machine able to rapidly transfer cholesterol. This review presents the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular function of STARD3 in intracellular cholesterol traffic.
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