OCTA在视网膜疾病中的应用进展

Sun Shanshan, He Guiyun
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摘要

光学相干断层血管成像(OCTA)作为一种新兴的眼底血管成像技术,可以高分辨率地识别视网膜和脉络膜的血流运动信息,对活体组织中视网膜和脉络膜的微血管循环进行成像。与以往技术染料成像如荧光素血管造影、吲哚菁绿血管造影相比,具有快速、无创、高分辨率、三维成像的特点,能够同时显示视网膜血管结构和血流信息。OCTA是一项新兴技术,在视网膜血管疾病中具有广泛的应用潜力。眼血流作为全身血液循环的一部分,受到多种因素的影响。血管因素在视网膜静脉闭塞、糖尿病视网膜病变和青光眼等眼病中起着重要作用。OCTA在视网膜脉络膜血管改变、疾病管理随访、治疗效果检测等方面具有特殊优势。然而,OCTA的缺点是视野相对较小,无法显示泄漏,并且由于患者运动或眨眼而容易产生图像伪影。本文将对近年来OCTA在糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜静脉闭塞、原发性青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性和高度近视中的研究进展进行综述,以了解其在视网膜疾病研究和临床实践中的适用性。
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Application Progress of OCTA in Retinal Diseases
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), as a nascent fundus vascular angiography technique, can identify the blood flow movement information of the retina and choroid with high resolution, and imaging the microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid in living tissues. Compared to previous art dye-based imaging such as fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, it has the characteristics of fast, non-invasive, high resolution and three-dimensional imaging, as well as the ability to display retinal vascular structure and blood flow information simultaneously. OCTA is a nascent technology with a potential wide applicability for retinal vascular disease. As a part of systemic blood circulation, ocular blood flow has been affected by a variety of factors. Vascular factors play an important role in eye diseases including retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, and other diseases. OCTA has special advantages in retinal choroidal vascular changes, disease management follow-up and treatment effect detection. However, OCTA suffers from disadvantages of a relatively small field of view, inability to show leakage, and proclivity for image artifact due to patient movement or blinking. This article will review the recent research of OCTA in diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, primary glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and high myopia fundus to understand its applicability in the research and clinical practice of retinal diseases.
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