异种移植——关于生命伦理学的思考

Xiaomei Zhai
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引用次数: 1

摘要

与世界上大多数国家一样,中国存在着严重的人体器官短缺问题,这是制约器官移植技术应用的主要问题之一。仅在2019年,在81410名等待器官移植的患者中,只有19454人(23.90%)能够接受器官移植。医学界和社会越来越关注如何填补供需之间的差距。方法利用动物器官进行异种移植是弥补人体器官短缺的一种选择。多年来,国际医学界一直在研究利用动物器官进行人体移植的可能性。然而,这项研究面临着两种重要的挑战:科学和伦理问题。结果2021年1月,美国马里兰大学医学中心完成了首例转基因猪心脏移植到人类受体的临床试验。这激发了人们对异种器官移植的热情和兴趣。结论异种器官移植的发展趋势凸显了器官供体严重短缺和器官移植费用高等全球性问题。中国需要考虑如何应对异种移植临床试验在科学、公共卫生和社会伦理方面的挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Xenotransplantation—reflections on the bioethics

Background

Similar to most countries in the world, China has a severe shortage of human organs, and this is one of the main issues restricting the application of organ transplantation technology. In 2019 alone, only 19,454 (23.90%) of the 81,410 people waiting were able to receive organ transplants. There is an increasing focus from both the medical profession and society on how to fill the gap between supply and demand.

Methods

Xenotransplantation using animal organs is being considered as one option to make up for the shortage of human organs for transplantation. For some years now, the international medical community has been examining the possibility of using animal organs for human transplant. However, the research has faced two important types of challenges: scientific and ethical issues.

Results

In January 2021, the first clinical trial of transgenic pig heart transplantation into a human recipient was completed by the Medical Center of the University of Maryland in the United States. This has stimulated enthusiasm and interest in xenotransplantation.

Conclusions

The trend towards xenotransplantation has highlighted global problems such as the severe shortage of organ transplant donors and the high cost of organ transplantation. China needs to consider how to cope with the scientific, public health, and social ethics challenges of xenotransplantation clinical trials.

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