CASE STUDY: The Contribution of Active Surface Mines in the Conservation of Lichan Communities in the South Wales Coalfield, United Kingdom

Abstract: The overwhelming perception of surface mining is that it has significant adverse long term effects on the conservation of flora and fauna, and that there is typically a net loss in biodiversity, particularly those which have been identified as Biodiversity Action species and habitats under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). These are enshrined in UK legislation and policy as to their protection, enhancement and promotion.