{"title":"芯片世界:技术进步和战略供应链的脆弱性","authors":"Andrea L. Lacaita","doi":"10.4081/scienze.2022.824","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"After a brief coverage of the developments that led to the birth of microelectronics, the note describes the economic and physical laws that have guided the growth of this technological segment for over fifty years. Following the laws of Moore and Dennard, the complexity of microelectronic chips has increased dramatically, reaching the point of incorporating miniaturized components, now nanometric in size, comparable in number to the stars in a galaxy. However, during these decades microelectronics has not only pursued the path of miniaturization. Alongside digital technologies, diversified platforms have developed that allow for the creation of equally essential chips in non-digital product segments. The actors of all these production chains are distributed over the various continents and are strongly interconnected. While much of the advanced digital chip manufacturing is in Asia, most of their design resides in the United States while European companies are at the forefront of sensor, industrial and automotive chips. However, the recent pandemic crisis and rising geopolitical tensions have highlighted how the lack of just one chip can disrupt the production of essential goods. Therefore, the governments of advanced economies are implementing initiatives to logistically relocate manufacturing sites and to strengthen local technological capabilities with the aim of protecting the economies from international crises. Europe too is moving in this direction but, in order to be effective, it is increasingly urgent to solve some weaknesses in the European political construction which also in this field limit the role of our continent on the global scene.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"IL MONDO DEI CHIP: PROGRESSI TECNOLOGICI E VULNERABILITà DI UNA FILIERA STRATEGICA\",\"authors\":\"Andrea L. Lacaita\",\"doi\":\"10.4081/scienze.2022.824\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"After a brief coverage of the developments that led to the birth of microelectronics, the note describes the economic and physical laws that have guided the growth of this technological segment for over fifty years. Following the laws of Moore and Dennard, the complexity of microelectronic chips has increased dramatically, reaching the point of incorporating miniaturized components, now nanometric in size, comparable in number to the stars in a galaxy. However, during these decades microelectronics has not only pursued the path of miniaturization. Alongside digital technologies, diversified platforms have developed that allow for the creation of equally essential chips in non-digital product segments. The actors of all these production chains are distributed over the various continents and are strongly interconnected. While much of the advanced digital chip manufacturing is in Asia, most of their design resides in the United States while European companies are at the forefront of sensor, industrial and automotive chips. However, the recent pandemic crisis and rising geopolitical tensions have highlighted how the lack of just one chip can disrupt the production of essential goods. Therefore, the governments of advanced economies are implementing initiatives to logistically relocate manufacturing sites and to strengthen local technological capabilities with the aim of protecting the economies from international crises. Europe too is moving in this direction but, in order to be effective, it is increasingly urgent to solve some weaknesses in the European political construction which also in this field limit the role of our continent on the global scene.\",\"PeriodicalId\":54501,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-07-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.824\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.824","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
IL MONDO DEI CHIP: PROGRESSI TECNOLOGICI E VULNERABILITà DI UNA FILIERA STRATEGICA
After a brief coverage of the developments that led to the birth of microelectronics, the note describes the economic and physical laws that have guided the growth of this technological segment for over fifty years. Following the laws of Moore and Dennard, the complexity of microelectronic chips has increased dramatically, reaching the point of incorporating miniaturized components, now nanometric in size, comparable in number to the stars in a galaxy. However, during these decades microelectronics has not only pursued the path of miniaturization. Alongside digital technologies, diversified platforms have developed that allow for the creation of equally essential chips in non-digital product segments. The actors of all these production chains are distributed over the various continents and are strongly interconnected. While much of the advanced digital chip manufacturing is in Asia, most of their design resides in the United States while European companies are at the forefront of sensor, industrial and automotive chips. However, the recent pandemic crisis and rising geopolitical tensions have highlighted how the lack of just one chip can disrupt the production of essential goods. Therefore, the governments of advanced economies are implementing initiatives to logistically relocate manufacturing sites and to strengthen local technological capabilities with the aim of protecting the economies from international crises. Europe too is moving in this direction but, in order to be effective, it is increasingly urgent to solve some weaknesses in the European political construction which also in this field limit the role of our continent on the global scene.
期刊介绍:
Rendiconti is the interdisciplinary scientific journal of the Accademia dei Lincei, the Italian National Academy, situated in Rome, which publishes original articles in the fi elds of geosciences, envi ronmental sciences, and biological and biomedi cal sciences. Particular interest is accorded to papers dealing with modern trends in the natural sciences, with interdisciplinary relationships and with the roots and historical development of these disciplines.