Echocardiography in interventional cardiology

Over the last two decades, cardiology practice has experienced fast development of new interventional diagnostic and treatment procedures. While most procedures are cath lab based, the use of echocardiography as an imaging technique has become an integral part. In addition to the important use of transesophageal echocardiography in aortic and mitral valve surgery, it has now become an essential imaging technique for transcatheter aortic valve replacement and MitraClip procedures. Likewise, atrial septal procedures—whether hall closure or puncture for mitral valvuloplasty—are both performed under transesophageal echo guidance. Even ventricular procedures, for example alcohol septal reduction and pericardiocentesis, are performed under direct echo imaging. Thus, Doppler echocardiography has become an integral component of most cardiac procedures where operators need to have optimum skills as what to look for at different stages of the procedure.

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