空间正交:一种新的多维速度估计技术

M.E. Anderson
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引用次数: 38

摘要

传统的超声波运动或流速估计仅限于轴向速度分量。我提出了一种新的技术,称为“空间正交”,用于同时估计轴向和横向速度分量。该技术利用了具有正交关系的点扩展函数的奇偶空间权重。这些权重在接收到的回波中产生调制,可以解码以量化横向运动。该技术在概念上与用于估计横向速度分量的多波束和谱展宽范式相关。然而,它也有独特的特点,克服了这些先前描述的技术的一些局限性。该估计器可以实现二维速度估计与传统的换能器阵列和任何医用超声扫描仪,最好是一个并行接收处理。如果有合适的二维传感器和扫描仪,该技术也可以扩展到三维速度估计。在简要概述二维流量估计方法的背景下,我给出了该估计器的空间和频域描述,包括分析了该估计器的性能包络。我还介绍了使用临床扫描仪在二维上演示这种技术的幻像研究结果。本文还讨论了该技术在化学武器和化学武器体制中的应用。
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Spatial quadrature: a novel technique for multi-dimensional velocity estimation
Conventional ultrasonic motion or flow velocity estimation is limited to the axial velocity component. I present a novel technique, called "spatial quadrature", for the simultaneous estimation of axial and lateral velocity components. This technique utilizes even and odd spatial weightings of the point spread function which have a quadrature relationship. These weightings produce modulation in the received echo which can be decoded to quantify lateral motion. This technique is conceptually related to both the multiple beam and spectral broadening paradigms for the estimation of the lateral velocity component. However, it also has unique characteristics which overcome some of the limitations of these previously described techniques. This estimator can be implemented for two-dimensional velocity estimation with a conventional transducer array and any medical ultrasound scanner, preferably one with parallel receive processing. The technique can also be extended to three-dimensional velocity estimation given an appropriate 2-D transducer and scanner. I present space and frequency domain descriptions of this estimator in the context of a brief overview of 2-D flow estimation methods, including analyses characterizing the performance envelope of this estimator. I also present the results of phantom studies using a clinical scanner which demonstrate this technique in two dimensions. I also discuss the application of this technique in CW and PW regimes.
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