Mortality Rate Risk Factors in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in El Giza Governorate

Objective : This study aimed to determine the incidence of neonatal mortality percentage in Neonatal ICUs in Giza Governorate hospitals for early prediction of the disease. Background : Neonatal mortality rates, de fi ned as death of a live born newborn within the fi rst 28 days, vary greatly between countries, even within high-income countries. Patients and methods : A retrospective study was conducted on 155 Egyptian neonates aged from 1 day up to 4 weeks to evaluate the risk factors of the mortality rates in the Neonatal ICU of Giza Governorate hospitals during the period from August 2021 to December 2021. Results : Approximately 6.5% of the studied neonates experienced complications such as sepsis, chronic heart disease or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and another 20.6% of the studied neonates were on mechanical ventilation. Survival rates were reported to be 84.5% of the studied neonates; moreover, the incidence of neonatal mortality among the studied sample was 15.5%. The most common cause of death was sepsis followed by chronic heart disease and sepsis with prematurity (50, 20.8, and 8.3%, respectively). Conclusion : Prematurity, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, and positive history of maternal illness and infection are considered as signi fi cant predictors of neonatal mortality.