Random and coherent noise attenuation for 2D land seismic reflection line acquired in Iraq

ABSTRACT Noises are common events in seismic reflection data that have very striking features in seismograms, affecting seismic data processing and interpretation. Noise attenuation is an essential phase in seismic processing data, usually resulting in enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and improving the subsurface seismic image. Groundroll presence is a major fashion of significant noise in land seismic surveys. It is a type of coherent noise present in seismograms that appears as linear events, in most cases overlapping the reflections and probably making it challenging to recognise. There are several domains used in noise attenuation techniques. The domain transformations are a complex algorithm used commonly during the processing of seismic data; Therefore, a large number of methods have been developed to attenuate these types of noise to preserve the frequency bandwidth and enhance the SNR of the seismic data. In the time-offset domain, the noise wave such as groundroll and random noises overlap over time; a different domain makes it easier to successfully isolate coherent, random noise and reflection events. We have used effective algorithms in different domains such as (shot, receiver, t-x, f-x, f-k, R-T, and offset class) to attenuate coherent and random noises present in the data. The results indicate that the different domains can reveal features and geological structures that have been masked by the noises present in current data. Because these filtering techniques encourage significant improvements in the final image quality in the 2D seismic section, possibly giving the interpreter an advantage, particularly in structural and stratigraphic interpretation.