Fingerprinting-based Indoor and Outdoor Localization with LoRa and Deep Learning

This paper aims at predicting accurate outdoor and indoor locations using deep neural networks, for the data collected using the Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) communication protocol. First, we propose an interpolation aided fingerprinting-based localization system architecture. We propose a deep autoencoder method to effectively deal with the large number of missing samples/outliers caused by the large size and wide coverage of LoRa networks. We also leverage three different deep learning models, i.e., the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), for fingerprinting based location regression. The superior localization performance of the proposed system is validated by our experimental study using a publicly available outdoor dataset and an indoor LoRa testbed.