在母语人士的环境中学习意大利语言和文化的特点

Kateryna Kuzmina
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摘要

文章以乌克兰人来意大利工作为例,谈到外国人融入另一种语言和文化环境的问题。本文的理论基础是乌克兰和国外学者在语言学和文化研究、心理语言学、心理学、外语习得方法、翻译研究方面的著作。此外,重点是外语知识与理解和适应新文化和心态的能力之间的密切联系。在现代相关理论的基础上,将儿童学习外语的过程与母语的习得过程进行了比较。本文的实践基础是作者对意大利人和乌克兰人在不同日常情境下的中介语和跨文化交际过程的观察,以及后者对意大利语言和文化的习得质量。在本研究中,日常交际情境包括家庭和人际关系、烹饪和家务、对宗教和工作的态度。文章借助现实交流中的例子,强调了意大利语和乌克兰语在文字和世界观上有一定的相似性,并且意大利语和乌克兰语的语言系统之间没有很大的差异,这有助于乌克兰人快速融入意大利语和文化空间。此外,为了说明,我们强调了意大利语和乌克兰语在语音、词汇和语法上的相似之处。在意大利生活了很长时间的乌克兰人意大利语说得很流利。然而,如果他们不专业地学习语言,他们的演讲就缺乏语法正确性和词汇多样性。因此,我们得出的结论是,仅仅呆在外国环境中是不足以达到高标准的语言掌握的。为此,一个人需要做出相应的坚强的努力,并将语言应用于交流的各个层面。在文章的最后,我们挑出了一系列问题,以进一步研究和发展上述主题。
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SPECIFICITIES OF LEARNING THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF NATIVE SPEAKERS
The article touches upon the issue of integration of foreigners into another language and cultural environment on the example of Ukrainians who come to Italy for work. The theoretical basis of the article is works by Ukrainian and foreign scholars on linguistic and culture studies, psycholinguistics, psychology, methods of acquiring a foreign language, translation studies. Besides, the focus has been upon close interrelation between the knowledge of a foreign language and the ability to understand and adapt to a new culture and mentality. On the basis of the modern relevant theories the process of learning a foreign language is compared with acquisition of a native language by a child. The practical basis of the article is the author’s observations of the process of interlanguage and intercultural communication between Italians and Ukrainians in different everyday situations and the quality of acquisition of the Italian language and culture by the latter. In this research the everyday communicative situations include family and interpersonal relations, the spheres of cooking and housekeeping, the attitude to religion and work. With the help of illustrative examples from real communication the article highlights a certain similarity between Italian and Ukrainian characters and world perception, and the absence of considerable differences between the Italian and Ukrainian language systems, which facilitates a fast integration of Ukrainians into the Italian language and cultural space. Also, for illustration, we have highlighted phonetic, lexical, and grammar parallels between the Italian and Ukrainian languages. Ukrainians who have lived in Italy for quite a long time are fluent enough in the Italian language. However, if they do not approach studying of the language professionally their speech lacks grammatical correctness and vocabulary diversity. Hence, we have made conclusion that just staying in a foreign environment is not sufficient for a high-standard command of a language. For this purpose, one needs to make corresponding strong-willed efforts and to apply the language on all the levels of communication. At the end of the article we have singled out a range of issues for further research and development of the aforementioned topic.
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