{"title":"在复杂的金融经济体系中,不可阻挡的发展改革之旅:对政府开支(过去、现在、未来)的区间分析","authors":"Enkeleda Lulaj","doi":"10.3846/bmee.2022.17389","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The world is facing unprecedented opportunities to improve welfare and reduce poverty, so every day more and more public spending is becoming important in every country. The purpose of the research was prompted by the questions of whether there were development reforms and what is the complexity that has evolved in each variable (WS, GS, EU, ST, CE, and TE) for the time interval 2007–2020. How and are governing bodies able to continuously drive growth for decades by being more efficient users of government spending planning in complex financial and economic systems? Therefore, this paper aims to understand and advance by bringing a new approach to unstoppable and navigating reforms to government spending in complex financial and economic systems.\nResearch methodology – The research was conducted through secondary data from annual financial reports and statements for both central and local levels. The time interval for 14 years was analyzed through two analyses and one matrix such as descriptive analysis (9 tests), correlation analysis (3 tests), and Proximity Matrix (Euclidean Distance between years and variables, Z stress test) as in the Tables (1–12), in the Figures (1–11) using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows.\nFindings – The findings showed that: a) the data had a normal distribution, b) there was an increase in expenditures for each year, especially in times of pandemic COVID-19, c) the data were obtained from financial reports and statements as well as different institutions over different years, d) there is a strong and positive relationship between the variables for government spending in complex systems, e) Public expenses have increased due to COVID-19 and the damage caused is continuing, affecting the decline in the well-being of the residents.\nResearch limitations – The limitations of this paper are that only a considerable number of variables are studied and only in the state of Kosovo for 14 years (2007–2020). In this case, for other analyses by other researchers’ other variables can be analyzed, more extended periods or comparability with other states.\nPractical implications – based on the above questions, it was confirmed that there were reforms in the complex financial and economic systems for government expenditures each year.\nOriginality/Value – Such research has not been analyzed before and the findings of this research can help budget experts to accurately plan expenses based on the three periods studied (past, present or the period of the Covid-19 pandemic and the future or the post-COVID-19 pandemic period). It is strongly recommended that governing bodies develop and improve the category of public investment expenditures.","PeriodicalId":34504,"journal":{"name":"Business Management and Economics Engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"AN UNSTOPPABLE AND NAVIGATING JOURNEY TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT REFORM IN COMPLEX FINANCIAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: AN INTERVAL ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT EXPENSES (PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE)\",\"authors\":\"Enkeleda Lulaj\",\"doi\":\"10.3846/bmee.2022.17389\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Purpose – The world is facing unprecedented opportunities to improve welfare and reduce poverty, so every day more and more public spending is becoming important in every country. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
目的-世界正面临着改善福利和减少贫困的前所未有的机会,因此每天越来越多的公共支出在每个国家都变得重要。在2007-2020年期间,是否存在发展改革以及每个变量(WS、GS、EU、ST、CE和TE)演变的复杂性是什么,这些问题促使了研究的目的。在复杂的金融和经济体系中,管理机构如何以及是否能够通过更有效地使用政府支出计划来持续推动经济增长?因此,本文旨在通过引入一种新的方法来理解和推进复杂金融和经济体系中政府支出的不可阻挡和导航改革。研究方法-研究是通过中央和地方各级年度财务报告和报表中的二手数据进行的。14年的时间间隔通过两个分析和一个矩阵进行分析,如表(1-12)、图(1-11)中的描述性分析(9次测试)、相关性分析(3次测试)和邻近矩阵(年份与变量之间的欧几里得距离、Z压力测试),使用SPSS 23.0 for Windows。调查结果-调查结果显示:a)数据呈正态分布,b)支出每年都在增加,特别是在COVID-19大流行期间,c)数据来自财务报告和报表以及不同年份的不同机构,d)复杂系统中政府支出变量之间存在强烈的正相关关系,e)公共支出因COVID-19而增加,造成的损害仍在继续。影响着居民幸福感的下降。研究局限性-本文的局限性在于,仅研究了相当数量的变量,并且仅在科索沃国家进行了14年(2007-2020)的研究。在这种情况下,其他研究人员的其他变量可以分析其他分析,更长的时期或与其他状态的可比性。实际影响- -根据上述问题,每年政府开支的复杂财政和经济制度都在进行改革。独创性/价值——这类研究以前没有被分析过,这项研究的结果可以帮助预算专家根据所研究的三个时期(过去、现在或疫情期间以及未来或疫情后时期)准确规划费用。强烈建议理事机构发展和改进公共投资支出的类别。
AN UNSTOPPABLE AND NAVIGATING JOURNEY TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT REFORM IN COMPLEX FINANCIAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: AN INTERVAL ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT EXPENSES (PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE)
Purpose – The world is facing unprecedented opportunities to improve welfare and reduce poverty, so every day more and more public spending is becoming important in every country. The purpose of the research was prompted by the questions of whether there were development reforms and what is the complexity that has evolved in each variable (WS, GS, EU, ST, CE, and TE) for the time interval 2007–2020. How and are governing bodies able to continuously drive growth for decades by being more efficient users of government spending planning in complex financial and economic systems? Therefore, this paper aims to understand and advance by bringing a new approach to unstoppable and navigating reforms to government spending in complex financial and economic systems.
Research methodology – The research was conducted through secondary data from annual financial reports and statements for both central and local levels. The time interval for 14 years was analyzed through two analyses and one matrix such as descriptive analysis (9 tests), correlation analysis (3 tests), and Proximity Matrix (Euclidean Distance between years and variables, Z stress test) as in the Tables (1–12), in the Figures (1–11) using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows.
Findings – The findings showed that: a) the data had a normal distribution, b) there was an increase in expenditures for each year, especially in times of pandemic COVID-19, c) the data were obtained from financial reports and statements as well as different institutions over different years, d) there is a strong and positive relationship between the variables for government spending in complex systems, e) Public expenses have increased due to COVID-19 and the damage caused is continuing, affecting the decline in the well-being of the residents.
Research limitations – The limitations of this paper are that only a considerable number of variables are studied and only in the state of Kosovo for 14 years (2007–2020). In this case, for other analyses by other researchers’ other variables can be analyzed, more extended periods or comparability with other states.
Practical implications – based on the above questions, it was confirmed that there were reforms in the complex financial and economic systems for government expenditures each year.
Originality/Value – Such research has not been analyzed before and the findings of this research can help budget experts to accurately plan expenses based on the three periods studied (past, present or the period of the Covid-19 pandemic and the future or the post-COVID-19 pandemic period). It is strongly recommended that governing bodies develop and improve the category of public investment expenditures.