应对纽约市核爆炸情景的地理空间分析:哥谭盾牌演习

IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI:10.1515/jhsem-2019-0027
Luis E. Lowe, A. Salame-Alfie, Bob Neurath, Celia L. Quinn, A. Ansari, R. Whitcomb, S. Dopson
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引用次数: 2

摘要

2017年4月,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)参加了由联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA)牵头,并与其他联邦机构合作的“哥谭之盾”演习,以测试联邦、州和地方政府应对简易核装置(IND)的能力。在疾控中心领导层的积极参与下,来自该机构各地的266名科学和支持人员参加了“哥谭之盾”演习。该场景涉及在新泽西州林肯隧道附近发生1万吨当量的爆炸。这种核爆炸情景使疾病预防控制中心有机会测试该机构在应对其他国家或国际紧急情况时使用的一些全危害工具,如地理信息系统(GIS)和绘图工具,并将这些工具应用于核紧急情况。与实时数据相关的地理空间分析可以为与响应和恢复活动相关的个人和实体提供接近实时的信息。这种类型的分析可以提供关于地图和信息的及时数据,用于适当地为社区接待中心(CRC)、大众护理地点以及其他医疗保健和对策相关服务设置集结区。显示电力损失地点的地图,例如主要电网和变电站丢失或无法运行的地点,结合有关电力供应地点的实时数据,为第一反应人员和应急管理人员以及向这些地区受影响人口传达关键公共信息的反应人员提供了宝贵的信息。通过使用实时信息,应对官员可以指导应对工作,分配稀缺资源,协助协调工作,并提供更有效的手段,提供关键的公共卫生和医疗服务。这项工作的结果突出了在这种规模的公共卫生事件之前、期间和之后利用地理空间分析进行应对规划和减轻影响的重要性,以及它们在知情决策中所代表的价值。
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Geospatial Analysis in Responding to a Nuclear Detonation Scenario in NYC: The Gotham Shield Exercise
Abstract In April 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) participated in the Gotham Shield Exercise, led by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and in collaboration with other federal agencies to test the federal, state and local government’s ability to respond to an improvised nuclear device (IND). With active engagement from CDC leadership, 266 scientific and support staff from across the agency participated in the Gotham Shield exercise. The scenario involved a 10-kiloton detonation near the Lincoln Tunnel in New Jersey. This nuclear detonation scenario provided CDC with the opportunity to test some of the all-hazards tools the agency uses during response to other national or international emergencies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and mapping tools, and apply these tools to a nuclear emergency. Geospatial analysis associated with real time data can provide near real time information for individuals and entities associated with response and recovery activities. This type of analysis can provide timely data in regard to maps and information used to properly place staging areas for Community Reception Centers (CRC), mass care locations, and other medical care and countermeasure related services. Maps showing locations of power loss, such as locations of lost or inoperable main electrical grid and substations, combined with real time data on where power is available provides valuable information for first responders and emergency managers as well as responders engaged in communicating critical public messages to affected populations in these areas. By using real-time information, response officials can direct the response, allocate scarce resources, aid in coordination efforts, and provide a more efficient means of providing critical public health and medical services. The results of the exercise highlight the importance of using geospatial analysis for response planning and effect mitigation before, during, and after a public health event of this magnitude, and the value they represent in informed decision making.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
12.50%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: The Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management publishes original, innovative, and timely articles describing research or practice in the fields of homeland security and emergency management. JHSEM publishes not only peer-reviewed articles, but also news and communiqués from researchers and practitioners, and book/media reviews. Content comes from a broad array of authors representing many professions, including emergency management, engineering, political science and policy, decision science, and health and medicine, as well as from emergency management and homeland security practitioners.
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