Bio prospecting of Lapachol producing endophytic fungi

Background : The association of endophytic fungi with medicinal plants has been one of the evolving areas of research in the past few decades. The secondary metabolites produced owing to such associations have been recognised for a wide range of biological activities. Objectives : The aim of the present review is to highlight the isolation of lapachol from endophytic microorganisms with an emphasis on its biotransformation to improve its ef fi cacy. Methodology : The researchers followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Published scienti fi c articles on endophytes, host e pathogen interaction and lapachol isolation were collected from reputed journals from 1960 to 2022 using electronic databases using the key words as stated. Following that, the authors chose the required papers based on the criteria they devised. The data was extracted using the common research elements found in the publications. Results and discussion : Lapachol is one such secondary metabolite known for potent antitumor properties. Synthesis of lapachol and its isolation from plant sources have been reported but an expensive process. Therefore, bioprospecting of this metabolite from endophytic fungi have been evaluated by a few researchers. It has been identi fi ed that A. niger and Alternaria alternata along with some of the fi lamentous endophytic fungi have been identi fi ed to produce lapachol. Some fi ndings of biotransformation of lapachol to render it more potent have also been reported in the present review. Conclusion : Lapachol is one of the plant secondary metabolites that possess several therapeutic bene fi ts. Owing to its isolation being highly expensive from plant sources, endophytes have been exploited. Furthering to the isolation, the biotrasformation of this bioactive molecule to enhance its ef fi ciency has proven to be useful. In this regard, this review has enlightened some of the biotransformed lapachol and its derivatives with special emphasis on the endophytes that produce them. This review comprehensively highlights the various endophytic sources for lapachol production and its biotransformed derivatives.