大水蚤对河流水质的慢性毒性试验

M. Tada, Yutaka Ogamino
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摘要

采用OECD TG211标准21 d慢性试验方法,研究了水体对大水蚤(Daphnia magna)繁殖的毒理学影响。2007年4月至2010年3月,在关东平原农村地区(日本茨城县)每月进行一次调查。在3年的时间里,我们记录了21 d后的平均活子数:St. 1、St. 2、St. 3和St. 4分别为17-233、14-223、29-210和84-209。2007年8月、2008年5月及9月及2009年4月的平均数字为圣1;2007年8月和2008年5月在圣2号,2007年6月和2009年4月在圣3号显著低于对照(方差分析,P < 0.01)。上述试验结果表明,大蠊不仅可能受到河水中农药总体毒性的影响,还可能受到本研究未明确的其他因素的影响。此外,在2008年5月10日开始试验后的第7天(r = 0.783)、第14天(r = 0.772)和第21天(r = 0.931),各站点马格纳沙鼠体长与总子代数呈显著正相关。上述结果提示,采用标准的慢性毒性试验方法,可以利用大鼠体长来评价7 d后的河水毒理学效应。
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Chronic Toxicity Tests with Daphnia magna for the Examination of River Water Quality
− 19 − ABSTRACT The toxicological effects of river water on the reproduction of the water f lea Daphnia magna were assessed with the standard 21-d chronic test(OECD TG211)at four river sites(St. 1–4)in rural districts of the Kanto Plain(Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan) at monthly intervals from April 2007 to March 2010. Over the 3 years, we recorded the following average numbers of live D. magna offspring after the 21-d tests: 17–233, 14–223, 29–210, and 84–209 in St. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The average numbers in August 2007, May and September 2008, and April 2009 at St. 1; August 2007 and May 2008 at St. 2, and June 2007 and April 2009 at St. 3 were significantly lower than those of the control(ANOVA, P < 0.01). The results of the above tests suggest that D. magna may be affected not only by the overall pesticide toxicity in the river water, but also by other factors that were not clarified in the present study. In addition, significant positive correlations were observed at each site between the body length of D. magna and the total number of offspring at 7 d(r = 0.783), 14 d(r = 0.772), and 21 d(r = 0.931)after the test began on 10 May 2008. These findings suggest that the body length of D. magna might be used to evaluate the toxicological effects of river water, even at 7 d, by using the standard chronic toxicity test.
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