Anti-angiogenic response of ketamine in the in vitro and in vivo settings

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of ketamine on angiogenesis. Materials and methods: Between June 2021 and August 2021, chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay cell viability assay protocols and cell viability assay protocols were performed to investigate angiogenesis. While in vivo angiogenic property of ketamine was studied in the chick CAM model, its effect on in vitro cell proliferation was evaluated in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: A significant anti-angiogenic effect of ketamine was observed in chick CAM in the in vivo setting, compared to the control group (p<0.001). It showed a strongly dose-dependent inhibitory and cytotoxic effect on endothelial cells. Conclusion: Our study results indicate that ketamine has an anti-angiogenic effect in vitro and in vivo . However, further research is needed to investigate its use in human vascular system as a new anti-angiogenic therapy.