Analysis and manipulation of neuronal gene expression using the Tα1 α-tubulin promoter

Analysis of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation in mammals has been hampered by the lack of appropriate model systems. Here, we review the evidence that the Tα1 α-tubulin gene represents such a model system. The endogenous Tα1 gene is expressed at highly abundant levels during the growth of developing and mature neurons. In transgenic mice, 1·1 kb of 5′ flanking sequence from the Tα1 gene is sufficient to target gene expression to early developing neurons, and to regulate levels of expression as a function of neuronal growth. Analysis of this promoter has led to the initial elucidation of sequence elements essential for gene expression during neuronal development. Moreover, the Tα1 promoter provides an experimental mechanism for the manipulation and analysis of differentiating neurons in transgenic mice.