公民个人资料及其在现行行政法理论中的分类

A. Tsomenko
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摘要

本文就现行行政法理论中公民个人资料的认定问题及其分类问题进行了探讨。其中强调,对个人数据保护规制关系法律机制模式的探索在国内法学学界有立足之地。这种模式应符合国际法律标准,并保证有效保护人权和公民的权利和自由。因此,它不得不成为欧洲法学界国家法律制度实施的一部分。对个人信息流通与处理关系的行政法律规定提供了一种具有行政法律特征的法律手段对关系的影响。对理论定义的分析表明了个人数据定义的多功能性。社会性质和法律性质体现在其中。已识别的个人数据是指任何客观形式的信息,提供了确定其信息来源的可能性,并与数据主体相关。个人数据的主体是已识别或可识别的自然人(公民),其公共当局和其他授权主体被赋予了提供适当水平的组织和法律安全和保护的主观义务。需要强调的是,公民个人数据具有以下标志:信息内容,即在大多数科学家看来,个人数据是关于一个人的信息或一组信息(包括任何信息);识别功能;固定形式和在特定来源(数据载体)中的反映;用不完;在个人数据处理开始时获得个人数据的法律制度,即收集、登记、积累、保存、改编、更改、更新、使用和传播(分发、实施、转移)、去个性化、利用,包括使用信息(自动化)系统等任何行动或一系列行动。从行政法、理论方法和国际法律法规的角度对个人资料的法律性质进行分析后,我们可以建议将个人资料按照其内容和既定“可用性”水平的标准分为以下几类。这些组是:普通组(或公开组)、特殊组和生物组。同时,生物特征个人数据包括个人的遗传数据以及与公民的健康或医疗数据有关的数据。
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Citizens' personal data, and its' classification in current doctrine of administrative law
The paper is dedicated to issues on determination of citizens' personal data, and classification of its in current doctrine of Administrative Law. There is stressed, the search of the model of legal mechanism of relationships of personal data protection regulation has place in the domestic legal science. This model should agree with international legal standards and guarantee an effective protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms. As a result, it has to become a part of implementation of the national legal system in European legal field. There is outlined, the administrative and legal provisions of relationship on personal data circulating and processing provides an effect on relationship of legal means with administrative and legal features. An analysis of doctrinal definitions demonstrates a versatility of the definition of personal data. The social and legal nature is reflected in it. There is identified, personal data is any information in objective form which provides possibility to determine its information source, and related to a subject of data. The subject of personal data is an identified or such who can be identified natural person (citizen), in relation to whose public authorities and other authorized subjects are endowed with subjective obligation of providing appropriative level of organizational and legal safety and protection. There is emphasized, citizen personal data have such signs as: informational content i.e., on the point of view of majority scientists, personal data are information or set of information (including any information) about a person; identifying feature; fixed form and reflection in specific source (data carriers); inexhaustibility; acquire the legal regime of personal data when personal data processing starts i.e., any action or set of such actions as collection, registration, accumulation, saving, adaptation, changing, renovation, use and spread (distribution, implementation, transfer), depersonalization, utilization, including use of information (automatized) systems. Taking into account the analysis of legal nature of personal data on the point of view of the Administrative Law, doctrinal approaches, and international and legal regulation, we can suggest to separate personal data into the following groups, using criteria of their content and level of established "availability". These groups are: general (or publicly available), special, and biometrical. At the same time, biometrical personal data include genetical data about a person, and data related to the health or medical data of citizens.
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