作为现代乌克兰散文文学情节的移民:塔尼亚·马里亚丘克的艺术体验

Nina Bernadska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章专门讨论现代乌克兰文学中的移民问题。值得注意的是,它的各种变体-离开的动机,行动,事迹,移民的心理,他们的成就和幻想在最新的乌克兰散文中被艺术地解释,最常见的是小说类型(艾琳·罗兹多布德科的作品“早晨清洁工”,2004年,“我知道,你知道什么,我知道什么”,2011年,V. Eshkilieva“帕福斯”,2002年,Natalka Doliak“Gastarbaiterka”,2012年,Natalky Snyadanko“夫人不准备支付更多”,Irena Karpa“咸海的好消息”,2019年,A. Chapaia的《我们来了》,2015年,Olga Slonivska的《迷失在时间里》,2018年,以及乌克兰裔英国作家Maryna Levytska的《两辆货车》,2008年,《乌克兰拖拉机的简史》,2013年等)。Tanya Malyarchuk在另一种类型的小说《海中的青蛙》(2019)中提出了类似的话题和问题,该小说用德语写成,获得了奥地利英格堡巴赫曼文学奖。为此,作者选择了一个“外部流离失所的情节”(奥莱娜·罗曼年科饰),聚焦于两个来自不同世界的孤独、被遗弃的人的命运——一个是乌克兰移民佩特罗,一个是维也纳贵族夫人。在情节的发展过程中,作者将外部(在国外没有护照的生活,违反法律,不断渴望被忽视,做最脏的工作)和内部(对自己生活的反思)冲突结合起来,重点关注主角失去了通常的坐标系统-不仅在国外,而且在祖国,没有人在等他-无论是他的母亲还是他的爱人。因此,借助作品标题中包含的符号(海上的青蛙),互文元素(Lesya Ukrainka诗歌中的烟雾形象典故,I. Kotlyarevsky的戏剧Natalka Poltavka中的Natalka和Peter形象),作者从移民主题出发,提出了基本的,共同的人类问题:关于人类生命的意义,关于爱是人性的最高标准,关于时间的必然性,关于一个人选择的权利和责任。
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EMIGRATION AS A LITERARY PLOT IN MODERN UKRAINIAN PROSE: ARTISTIC EXPERIENCE OF TANIA MALIARCHUK
The article is devoted to the topic of emigration in modern Ukrainian literature. It is noted that its various variants - motives for departure, actions, deeds, psychology of migrants, their achievements and illusions were artistically interpreted in the latest Ukrainian prose, most often in the novel genre (the works of Irene Rozdobudko "Morning cleaner", 2004, "I know, what do you know, what I know", 2011, V. Eshkilieva "Paphos", 2002, Natalka Doliak "Gastarbaiterka", 2012, Natalky Snyadanko "Frau Müller is not ready to pay more", Irena Karpa "Good news from the Aral Sea", 2019, A. Chapaia "We have arrived”, 2015, Olga Slonivska "Lost in Time", 2018, as well as the British writer of Ukrainian origin, Maryna Levytska "Two vans", 2008, "A short history of tractors in Ukrainian", 2013, and others). Similar topics and issues are raised by Tanya Malyarchuk in another genre format - in the story "Frogs in the Sea" (2019), written in German and awarded the Austrian Ingeborg Bachmann Literary Prize. For this, the author chooses a "plot of external displacement" (Olena Romanenko), focusing on the fate of two lonely, abandoned people from different worlds - a Ukrainian emigrant Petro and an aristocratic Viennese Frau. In the development of the plot, the writer combines external (life without a passport in a foreign country, violation of the law, constant desire to be unnoticed, to do the dirtiest work) and internal (reflections on one's own life) conflicts, focuses on the loss of the usual coordinate system by the main character - not only in a foreign country, but also in the homeland, where no one is waiting for him - neither his mother nor his lover. Therefore, with the help of the symbol that was included in the title of the work (frogs in the sea), intertextual elements (allusions to the image of smoke in the poetry of Lesya Ukrainka, the images of Natalka and Peter from I. Kotlyarevsky's drama Natalka Poltavka) the author, starting from the theme of emigration, raises essential, common human problems: about the meaning of human life, about love as the highest measure of humanity, about the inevitability of time, about a person's right to choose and responsibility for it.
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