Chemical Composition of Goniothalamus andersonii Bark and its Mosquito Repellent Activity

Abstract This study sought to identify the chemical composition of smoke condensate of Goniothalamus andersonii (Annonaceae) and comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of smoke condensate. The chemical composition has been determined by GC-MS. Five main components were contained in aqueous fraction, namely eugenol (25.31%), (E)-cinnamaldehyde (21.13%), hexamethylene diacrylate (7.0%), caryophyllene (6.25%), and ethyl oleate (4.3%). While, three main components were detected in the n-hexane fractions, namely guaiol (8.98%), α-eudesmol (5.71%), and (-)-cyperene (3.06%). Laboratory research was conducted to determine the repellency of the smoke condensate of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at two levels of concentration (5.0% and 10.0%). Tests were carried out to establish the percentage reduction of mosquito landing for each of the concentrations. The synthetic insect repellent, N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), was used as a standard at a similar level of concentration. At 5.0% concentration, DEET provided a better percentage reduction with 70.5% for up to 4 hours, compared to smoke condensate (44.5%). At 10.0%, DEET provided an 80.9% reduction in mosquito landing, which was significantly better, as compared to smoke condensate (61.9%). However, data analysis through a t-test demonstrated a significant difference between smoke condensate and DEET efficacy in both concentrations, with regards to treated and untreated arms (P < 0.05). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT