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引用次数: 0

摘要

作为金融市场的重要组成部分,乌克兰的银行体系为该国整个经济体系的有效运作提供了条件。传统上,银行体系的任务是集中货币资源,然后在商业实体、家庭和行业之间进行再分配。通过完成这一任务,银行系统实际上为国家的经济发展做出了贡献。在2022年,随着战争的开始,国家银行系统同时面临着战争造成的一般经济内部性质的问题:工农业产品出口的生产和收入减少,国家货币贬值,安全风险增加,人口大规模迁移和全球性问题-这是世界经济发展的放缓。在这种情况下,乌克兰国家银行作为货币市场的监管者,被迫转向严格的货币政策模式,其目标首先是保持通货膨胀率和汇率稳定,而改善货币市场的主要“配方”是提高贴现率和商业银行的强制性准备金标准。向限制性货币政策的过渡一直是对银行的考验,但是。限制性措施的及时实施,使我们得以保持对货币市场和价格动态的控制,并对经济增长作出积极的预测。战争和经济不稳定条件下的活动成为银行系统的现实,并成为形成进一步发展趋势的基础。从中期来看,银行业发展的主要趋势包括俄罗斯联邦继续实行严格的货币政策和加强市场激励,鼓励银行吸引个人长期格里夫纳存款;银行业信用风险的主导地位;商业银行以增加利息收入为目的,对国家银行高收益债券和国内国家贷款债券进行重大投资;银行业流动性逐渐减少;由于安全因素减少,通货膨胀减缓;银行回归战前的商业模式,同时寻找新的贷款形式,形成有效的反危机银行监管模式
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BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE: STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
s an important component of the financial market, the banking system of Ukraine provides conditions for the effective functioning of the entire economic system of the country. Traditionally, the task of the banking system is the concentration of monetary resources with their subsequent redistribution among business entities, households, and industries. By fulfilling this task, the banking system actually contributes to the economic development of the state.In 2022, with the beginning of the war, the national banking system was faced simultaneously with problems of a general economic internal nature caused by the war: a reduction in production and income from the export of industrial and agricultural products, devaluation of the national currency, an increase in security risks, mass migration of the population and problems of a global nature -this is a slowdown in the development of the world economy. In these conditions, the National Bank of Ukraine, as the regulator of the money market, was forced to switch to a strict model of monetary policy, the goal of which was, first of all, to maintain the rate of inflation and exchange rate stability, and the main "recipes" for improving the money market were to increase the discount rate and mandatory reserve norms for commercial banks. The transition to a restrictive monetary policy is always a test for banks, but. the timely application of restrictive measures made it possible to maintain control over the currency market, over price dynamics, and give a positive forecast for economic growth.Activity in the conditions of war and economic uncertainty became a reality for the banking system and a basis for the formation of further development trends.In the medium-term perspective, the main trends in the development of the banking sector include the NBU's continued strict monetary policy and the strengthening of market incentives for banks to attract long-term hryvnia deposits from individuals; dominance of credit risks in banking; significant investments by commercial banks in high-yield certificates of the NBU and Domestic state loan bonds with the aim of increasing interest income; gradual decrease in liquidity in the banking sector; slowing of inflation as a result of the reduction of security factors; the return of banks to their pre-war business models with the simultaneous search for new forms of lending and the formation of an effective anti-crisis model of bank regulation
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27 weeks
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