塑料废弃物转化为纳米结构非均相催化剂载体:在环境修复中的应用

Surfaces Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI:10.3390/surfaces5010002
Geovânia C de Assis, Roberta Anjos de Jesus, Wélida Tamires Alves da Silva, L. Ferreira, R. T. Figueiredo, R. D. de Oliveira
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引用次数: 4

摘要

塑料在我们的社会中无处不在,被用于许多行业,如包装、电子、汽车工业、医疗和卫生部门,塑料废物是高度关注环境的废物之一。每天产生的塑料废物数量的增加加剧了环境问题,如微塑料污染、食物链污染、生物多样性退化和经济损失。选择性和有效地将塑料废物转化为环境修复应用,例如通过获得复合材料,是科学界回收塑料废物的一种策略。开发高效、可持续、低成本的非均相催化剂来处理有机/无机污染物是非常需要的,但仍然是一个巨大的挑战;这将是这项工作的主要重点。常见的商业聚合物,如聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚邻苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯,在这里讨论,以及它们的主要物理化学性质,如分子质量、结晶度等。此外,我们还讨论了塑料碎片的环境和健康风险,主要的回收技术以及它们的问题和对环境的影响。纳米材料的使用引发了对毒性的担忧,并加强了应用支撑的必要性;这意味着以这种方式回收塑料可以解决两个问题。最后,我们论述了将塑料废物转化为环境修复纳米催化剂的进展,主要是金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒。
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Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation
Plastics are ubiquitous in our society and are used in many industries, such as packaging, electronics, the automotive industry, and medical and health sectors, and plastic waste is among the types of waste of higher environmental concern. The increase in the amount of plastic waste produced daily has increased environmental problems, such as pollution by micro-plastics, contamination of the food chain, biodiversity degradation and economic losses. The selective and efficient conversion of plastic waste for applications in environmental remediation, such as by obtaining composites, is a strategy of the scientific community for the recovery of plastic waste. The development of polymeric supports for efficient, sustainable, and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts for the treatment of organic/inorganic contaminants is highly desirable yet still a great challenge; this will be the main focus of this work. Common commercial polymers, like polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene therephthalate, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, are addressed herein, as are their main physicochemical properties, such as molecular mass, degree of crystallinity and others. Additionally, we discuss the environmental and health risks of plastic debris and the main recycling technologies as well as their issues and environmental impact. The use of nanomaterials raises concerns about toxicity and reinforces the need to apply supports; this means that the recycling of plastics in this way may tackle two issues. Finally, we dissert about the advances in turning plastic waste into support for nanocatalysts for environmental remediation, mainly metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.
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