Investigating the Effect of Socio-Economic Status on Perceived Infertility-Related Stress in Women

Background: Infertility, the inability to conceive a child after 12 consecutive months of unprotected sexual intercourse, is a medical concern for 10-15% of Canadians. For some females, the ability to bear children defines them as a woman and the inability to do so bears a certain stigma. While advancements in medicine have led to assisted reproductive techniques, such as in vitro fertilization, infertility is still a source of significant chronic stress, marital discord and sexual dysfunction. Some studies have shown that social position can moderate the effect of this infertility-related stress. While there is evidence of a relation between socio-economic status and perceived infertility-related stress, no such studies have been conducted on Canadian women seeking infertility treatment. Purpose: This study aimed to define the relationship between socio-economic status and perceived infertility-related stress. Method: A questionnaire was administered to a population of English speaking females (n=64) seeking infertility treatment at the CReATe In/Fertility Clinic and the In/Fertility Support and Education Program at Women’s College Hospital. Patients completed a 56 statement questionnaire composed of quantitative questions, including Likert-like scales, from the Family Quality of Life Survey and the Fertility Problem Inventory. Financial well-being and five different infertility-related stresses (Social Stress, Sexual Stress, Relationship Stress, Rejection of Childfree Lifestyle and Need for Parenthood) were assessed using this instrument. Results: One way ANOVA analysis revealed statistically significant increases in sexual stress (p=0.02) for those with a university education compared to those with a college education. Those with a higher income reported less stress associated with a child-free lifestyle (p=0.03) and a need for parenthood (p=0.02). Conclusions: The findings suggest that for those with lower incomes, more resources should be dedicated to reduce stress related to having a child-free lifestyle and their need for parenthood.