Marco Moschini, Armando Stabile, Agostino Mattei, Francesco Montorsi, Xavier Cathelineau, Rafael Sanchez-Salas
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引用次数: 0
摘要
膀胱癌(BCa)是第二大常见的泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤,仅在美国2018年就有81,190例新诊断(1)。根治性膀胱切除术(RC)联合双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫(PLND)和围手术期化疗是复发性高风险非肌肉侵袭性和肌肉侵袭性BCa的标准治疗方法(2)。RC和围手术期化疗是一个复杂的过程,与围手术期高发病率和死亡率相关,这也是由于与其他外科手术相比,人群的特点通常会受到多种合并症的影响(3)。4).降低围手术期发病率和死亡率的策略之一是应用ERAS (Enhanced recovery after surgery)计划(5)。ERAS是一个多学科、多要素的护理途径,旨在规范和改善围手术期管理。ERAS项目最初是在结肠直肠手术中引入的,其中ERAS或快速通道手术途径已经开发出来,通过减轻应激反应来加速恢复。此后,一项荟萃分析提供了一级证据,报告了应用ERAS的结直肠手术患者并发症和住院时间的减少(6,7)。ERAS方案也被提出用于RC领域,但当时只有有限的证据(8,9)。它是一种综合术前、围手术期和术后干预的方法。在共识(5)中,有34点是个性化的。术前咨询和教育,包括口头和书面信息的手术,尿转移和计划的早期恢复是必要的,使患者参与治疗管理。在此期间,必须提出几项评估:术前医疗优化、营养评估、造口护士访问并提供造口和新膀胱护理建议、心肺运动测试(如有必要)、戒烟和解决社会问题的建议和支持以及出院计划。在这种情况下,戒烟已被证明对提高RC后的生存率和围手术期结果非常有效(10)。这些因素需要一个由泌尿科医生、护士、营养学家和社会工作者组成的多学科团队。在RC的前一天,需要补充碳水化合物,但不建议进行肠道准备。RC当天,允许术前6小时的固体和2小时的清液,包括碳水化合物负荷。摘自《科学》Vol. 45 (4): 655-657, July August, 2019