USV/ROV服务的应用挑战

P. Moles, Mathieu Ladreux, L. Karl
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引用次数: 0

摘要

完全无人水面船/远程操作工具(USV/ROV)系统可以从岸上远程控制,并提供检查和轻型干预服务,可以在海上作业中带来许多好处,包括提高安全性、成本效益和数据质量。在确保系统的适用性方面,无人解决方案的开发也面临许多挑战。系统开发人员必须解决一系列相互关联的问题,包括系统可靠性;操作风险和缓解措施;关键硬件系统性能监控与分析;安全政策;确定许多活动和故障安全功能所需的控制水平;潜在的监管要求;以及一条满足所有利益相关者的采用之路。无人操作挑战的解决方案必须考虑操作理念、治理政策和许多利益相关者的风险承受能力,因为接受此类解决方案并不总是直截了当的。无人系统的许多组件技术都是可用的,并且经过了验证,但还需要开发新的解决方案。如今,由陆上控制中心驾驶的rov和无人水面舰艇的操作并不罕见。由于船上没有人员来解决问题,因此必须提高可靠性,在USV/ROV系统中必须包括故障安全自治和增强的ROV/USV功能。该系统的设计还必须提供在需要故障排除和更广泛维护的情况下,将人员从有人驾驶船只安全地转移到无人潜航器。本文在进行一系列传统分析的基础上回顾了这些挑战:操作评审概念定义了关键的操作功能;危害分析确定了潜在的失效模式及其相应的缓解措施;可靠性评估,以了解USV和ROV系统的当前可靠性水平以及多天任务的要求;审查了现行和待定的条例,以确定其对技术规格和操作程序的影响。
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Operational Adoption Challenges to USV/ROV Services
A fully unmanned surface vessel/remotely operated vehicle (USV/ROV) system—controlled remotely from shore and providing inspection and light intervention services—could deliver many benefits during offshore operations including increased safety, cost effectiveness, and data quality. Development of an unmanned solution also faces many challenges in ensuring the system's fitness for purpose. System developers must address a range of inter-related issues including system reliability; operational risks and mitigations; monitoring and analyzing performance of key hardware system; safety policies; determination of required level of control for the many activities and failsafe functionalities; potential regulatory requirements; and a path to adoption that satisfies all stakeholders. Solutions to the challenges of unmanned operations must consider the operational philosophies, governance policies and risk tolerance of the many stakeholders because acceptance of such solutions are not always straightforward. Many of the component technologies of the unmanned system are available and proven, but new solutions also need to be developed. ROVs piloted from onshore control centers and operations by unmanned surface vessels are not uncommon today. With no personnel on board to resolve problems, reliability must be increased from current levels, failsafe autonomy and increased ROV/USV functionality must be included in the USV/ROV system. The system's design also must provide for safe transfer of people from a manned vessel to the USV in the event that troubleshooting and more extensive maintenance are required. This paper reviews these challenges based on performing a series of traditional analyses: concept of operation reviews defined key operational functions; hazard analyses identified potential failure modes and their respective mitigation; reliability assessments to understand the current level of reliability for USV and ROV systems and requirements for multi-day missions; current and pending regulations were reviewed to identify their impact on technical specifications and operational procedures.
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