海洋环境中新型有机污染物的发生和空气/海洋交换

R. Ebinghaus, Z. Xie
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引用次数: 15

摘要

许多研究表明,有几类化学物质作为生物学相关的信号物质。在这些化学品中,包括多氯联苯、滴滴涕和二恶英在内的许多化学品是半挥发性、持久性的,能够通过大气环流在大气中进行远距离输送。其中一些化合物,例如邻苯二甲酸酯和烷基酚(APs),尽管有明确证据表明它们对水生生物有毒,并可作为内分泌干扰物,但仍在世界范围内生产和消费。同时测定了北海表层海水和大气中NP、t-OP和NP1EO、DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP和DEHP的浓度。大气中NP和t-OP的浓度范围为7至110 pg m - 3,比已报道的沿海大气浓度低一至三个数量级。NP1EO在4 ~ 50 pg m−3的气相和颗粒相中均有检测。大气中邻苯二甲酸盐的浓度范围从低于方法检测限到3.4 ng m−3。溶解相中t-OP、NP和NP1EO的浓度分别为13 ~ 300、90 ~ 1400和17 ~ 1660 pg L−1。在水相中测定DBP、BBP和DEHP,浓度范围从低于方法检测限到6.6 ng L−1。该研究表明,大气中APs和邻苯二甲酸盐的沉积是一个重要的输入途径。净通量表明海气交换是显著的,因此开阔的海洋和极地地区将成为APs和邻苯二甲酸盐的广泛汇。
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Occurrence and air$/$sea-exchange of novel organic pollutants in the marine environment
A number of studies have demonstrated that several classes of chemicals act as biologically relevant signalling substances. Among these chemicals, many, including PCBs, DDT and dioxins, are semi-volatile, persistent, and are capable of long-range atmospheric transport via atmospheric circulation. Some of these compounds, e.g. phthalates and alkylphenols (APs) are still manufactured and consumed worldwide even though there is clear evidence that they are toxic to aquatic organisms and can act as endocrine disruptors. Concentrations of NP, t-OP and NP1EO, DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP have been simultaneously determined in the surface sea water and atmosphere of the North Sea. Atmospheric concentrations of NP and t-OP ranged from 7 to 110 pg m −3 , which were one to three orders of magnitude below coastal atmospheric concentrations already reported. NP1EO was detected in both vapor and particle phases, which ranged from 4 to 50 pg m −3 . The concentrations of the phthalates in the atmosphere ranged from below the method detection limit to 3.4 ng m −3 . The concentrations of t-OP, NP, and NP1EO in dissolved phase were 13-300, 90-1400, and 17-1660 pg L −1 . DBP, BBP, and DEHP were determined in the water phase with concentrations ranging from below the method detection limit to 6.6 ng L −1 . This study indicates that atmospheric deposition of APs and phthalates into the North Sea is an important input pathway. The net fluxes indicate that the air-sea exchange is significant and, consequently the open ocean and polar areas will be an extensive sink for APs and phthalates.
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