远征381总结

L. McNeill, D. Shillington, G. Carter, J. D. Everest, E. Le Ber, R. Collier, A. Cvetkoska, G. de Gelder, P. Diz, M. L. Doan, M. Ford, R. Gawthorpe, M. Geraga, J. Gillespie, R. Hemelsdaël, E. Herrero-Bervera, M. Ismaiel, L. Janikian, K. Kouli, S. Li, M. Machlus, M. Maffione, C. Mahoney, G. Michas, C. Miller, C. Nixon, S. A. Oflaz, A. Omale, K. Panagiotopoulos, S. Pechlivanidou, M. P. Phillips, S. Sauer, J. Seguin, S. Sergiou, N. V. Zakharova
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引用次数: 5

摘要

国际海洋发现计划第381远征队的主要目标是从希腊中部的科林斯裂谷取回早期大陆裂谷和盆地演化的记录。大陆裂谷作用是海洋盆地形成的基础,而活动裂谷带是高地质灾害潜力的动态区域。然而,从断层到板块尺度的裂谷发育过程所需要的完整裂谷系统的详细时空演化尚未得到很好的解决。在活动的科林斯裂谷中,变形速率高,近代期的裂谷序列在近海保存完整,而在陆上则保留了早期的裂谷期。此外,密集的地震数据库提供了盆地周围断层网和地震地层学的高分辨率成像。随着盆地的沉降,其沉积环境受到全球海平面波动及其相对于海平面的绝对位置的影响,盆地沉积物随时间记录了这种变化的环境。因此,在科林斯,我们可以在裂谷历史的最初几百万年里,获得前所未有的裂谷-断裂系统发育的时间和空间复杂性,裂谷控制的排水系统演化和盆地填充。考察主题如下:高分辨率断层滑动和裂谷演化历史、活动裂谷的地表过程、晚第四纪东地中海裂谷盆地发育的古气候和古环境以及活动裂谷的地质灾害评价。这些目标已经并将通过在科林斯湾的三个地点成功的钻井、取芯和测井来实现,这些地点在1905米的取芯间隔内共回收了1645米的岩心。这些岩心共同提供了(1)较长的裂谷历史(M0078和M0080站点),(2)裂谷最新阶段的高分辨率记录(M0079站点),以及(3)裂谷演化的空间变化(中部和东部裂谷站点的比较)。沉积物包含丰富而复杂的沉积变化记录,沉积物和孔隙水地球化学记录,以及微古生物组合的环境条件记录。通过船上分析得出的初步年代学将在探险后的研究中得到完善和改进,为一系列构造、沉积学和古环境研究提供精确到轨道时间尺度的高分辨率年代学地层学。该年表将提供关键裂谷事件的绝对时间、断层运动速率、裂谷伸展和沉降,以及这些参数的空间变化。岩心数据还将使我们能够研究构造、气候和海水沉降在沉积物通量、盆地演化和盆地环境中的相对作用和反馈作用。最后,科林斯裂谷钻孔将提供该地区第一个长第四纪地中海型气候记录。这个独特的数据集的潜在科学应用范围非常大,包括构造、沉积过程、古环境、古气候、古生态学、地球化学和地质灾害。麦克尼尔等人。远征381总结
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Expedition 381 summary
The primary objective of International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 381 was to retrieve a record of early continental rifting and basin evolution from the Corinth rift, central Greece. Continental rifting is fundamental for the formation of ocean basins, and active rift zones are dynamic regions of high geohazard potential. However, the detailed spatial and temporal evolution of a complete rift system needed to understand rift development from the fault to plate scale is poorly resolved. In the active Corinth rift, deformation rates are high, the recent synrift succession is preserved and complete offshore, and earlier rift phases are preserved onshore. Additionally, a dense seismic database provides high-resolution imaging of the fault network and seismic stratigraphy around the basin. As the basin has subsided, its depositional environment has been affected by fluctuating global sea level and its absolute position relative to sea level, and the basin sediments record this changing environment through time. In Corinth, we can therefore achieve an unprecedented precision of timing and spatial complexity of rift-fault system development, rift-controlled drainage system evolution, and basin fill in the first few million years of rift history. The following are the expedition themes: • High-resolution fault slip and rift evolution history, • Surface processes in active rifts, • High-resolution late Quaternary Eastern Mediterranean paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of a developing rift basin, and • Geohazard assessment in an active rift. These objectives were and will be accomplished as a result of successful drilling, coring, and logging at three sites in the Gulf of Corinth, which collectively yielded 1645 m of recovered core over a 1905 m cored interval. Together, these cores provide (1) a long rift history (Sites M0078 and M0080), (2) a high-resolution record of the most recent phase of rifting (Site M0079), and (3) the spatial variation of rift evolution (comparison of sites in the central and eastern rift). The sediments contain a rich and complex record of changing sedimentation, sediment and pore water geochemistry, and environmental conditions from micropaleontological assemblages. The preliminary chronology developed by shipboard analyses will be refined and improved during postexpedition research, providing a high-resolution chronostratigraphy down to the orbital timescale for a range of tectonic, sedimentological, and paleoenvironmental studies. This chronology will provide absolute timing of key rift events, rates of fault movement, rift extension and subsidence, and the spatial variations of these parameters. The core data will also allow us to investigate the relative roles of and feedbacks between tectonics, climate, and eustasy in sediment flux, basin evolution, and basin environment. Finally, the Corinth rift boreholes will provide the first long Quaternary record of Mediterranean-type climate in the region. The potential range of scientific applications for this unique data set is very large, encompassing tectonics, sedimentary processes, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, paleoecology, geochemistry, and geohazards. L.C. McNeill et al. Expedition 381 summary
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