1980-2010年30年间小学生体质和营养状况的变化

Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari , Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo , Mauro Fisberg
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的分析比较1980-2010年30年间小学生营养状况和性别对体质变化的影响。方法在1978 - 1980年(基线)、1988-1990年(10年)、1998-2000年(20年)和2008-2010年(30年)的30年间,每10年进行4次横断面评价。样本包括1291名学童(基线188人,10年307人;20年375人;421岁(30岁),10岁和11岁。评估的变量为:体重(kg)、身高(cm)、上肢力量(ULS);kg),下肢力量(LLS;敏捷性(秒)和速度(秒)。根据世界卫生组织参照年龄和性别的体重指数,将学童分为正常体重和超重。期间间比较采用方差分析,然后进行Bonferroni检验,显著性水平设为p<0.01。基线和30年之间的变化通过百分比增量来评估。每个变量有7个不同的百分位数。结果富营养化男孩和女孩的ULS平均值(- 16.7%;−3.2%),敏捷性(−1.5%;−1.6%)在30年后显著下降(p<0.001)。在超重的男孩和女孩中,只有平均ULS (- 15.5%;−12.5%)随着时间的推移显著下降(p<0.001)。30年后,男孩的ULS百分比发生了变化。结论体重正常学童体质下降幅度大于超重学童。
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Changes in physical fitness and nutritional status of schoolchildren in a period of 30 years (1980–2010)

Objective

To analyze and compare the changes in physical fitness according to the nutritional status and gender of schoolchildren during a period of 30 years (1980–2010).

Methods

Four cross-sectional evaluations were performed every 10 years in a period of 30 years from 1978 to 1980 (baseline), 1988–1990 (10 years), 1998–2000 (20 years) and 2008–2010 (30 years). The sample consisted of 1291 schoolchildren (188 in baseline, 307 in 10 years; 375 in 20 years; 421 in 30 years) of 10 and 11 years old. The variables assessed were: body weight (kg), height (cm), upper limb strength (ULS; kg), lower limb strength (LLS; cm), agility (seconds) and velocity (seconds). Schoolchildren were classified as normal weight and overweight according to World Health Organization reference of body mass index for age and gender. Comparisons among periods applied ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test, with a significance level set at of p<0.01. Variation between baseline and 30 years was assessed by the percentage delta. Seven different percentile values were presented for each variable.

Results

In eutrophic boys and girls, mean values of ULS (−16.7%; −3.2%), agility (−1.5%; −1.6%) decreased significantly after 30 years (p<0.001). In the overweight boys and girls, only the average ULS (−15.5%; −12.5%) decreased significantly over time (p<0.001). After 30 years, the ULS percentile changed in boys.

Conclusions

The decline in physical fitness was greater in schoolchildren with normal weight than in those with overweight.

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