Speech and language disorders in children from public schools in Belo Horizonte

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of oral language, orofacial motor skill and auditory processing disorders in children aged 4–10 years and verify their association with age and gender.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with stratified, random sample consisting of 539 students. The evaluation consisted of three protocols: orofacial motor skill protocol, adapted from the Myofunctional Evaluation Guidelines; the Child Language Test ABFW – Phonology; and a simplified auditory processing evaluation. Descriptive and associative statistical analyses were performed using Epi Info software, release 6.04. Chi-square test was applied to compare proportion of events and analysis of variance was used to compare mean values. Significance was set at p≤0.05.

Results

Of the studied subjects, 50.1% had at least one of the assessed disorders; of those, 33.6% had oral language disorder, 17.1% had orofacial motor skill impairment, and 27.3% had auditory processing disorder. There were significant associations between auditory processing skills’ impairment, oral language impairment and age, suggesting a decrease in the number of disorders with increasing age. Similarly, the variable “one or more speech, language and hearing disorders” was also associated with age.

Conclusions

The prevalence of speech, language and hearing disorders in children was high, indicating the need for research and public health efforts to cope with this problem.