Pain beliefs and coping attempts

A reduction of maladaptive responses to pain is crucial in adjustment to chronic painful states. However, previous research has also demonstrated that adjustment to pain is predicted by interactions between coping attempts and characteristics of individuals. Therefore, we contend that examination of what patients should do, as well as what they should not do is necessary. We propose an alternate model of pain adjustment, within which the constructs of beliefs and coping are separated. Also, catastrophizing is conceptualized as a secondary appraisal, rather than a failed coping attempt. We discuss our assertions within the context of the appropriate distinction between mediator and moderator variables.