Badar M. Ghauri , M. Ishaq Mirza , Robert Richter , Vincent A. Dutkiewicz , Ali Rusheed , Adil R. Khan , Liaquat Husain
{"title":"巴基斯坦偏远山区(2.8公里)气溶胶和云水的组成","authors":"Badar M. Ghauri , M. Ishaq Mirza , Robert Richter , Vincent A. Dutkiewicz , Ali Rusheed , Adil R. Khan , Liaquat Husain","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(00)00038-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major ion and trace metal concentrations were determined in aerosols and cloud water at a site in the Himalayan Mountains of Northern Pakistan. In spite of the fact that the site is well removed from significant urban/industrial pollution sources the SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> concentrations in some of the samples were as high as those observed in North America. Concentrations of Se, Tl, Pb, Cl, Cd, Sb, Zn, and As in aerosols were highly enriched relative to average crustal abundances indicating significant anthropogenic contributions. Cloud water concentrations of major ions and trace elements are reported for 18 samples from six different clouds. The pH varied between 5.3 and 6.8 in spite of the fact that the SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> concentration approached 300 μmol in some samples, values often observed in the northeastern US. Selenium was used as a tracer to determine in-cloud production of SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> in these clouds and in three of the six clouds 40–60% of the observed SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> came from in-cloud production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(00)00038-6","citationCount":"33","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Composition of aerosols and cloud water at a remote mountain site (2.8 kms) in Pakistan\",\"authors\":\"Badar M. Ghauri , M. Ishaq Mirza , Robert Richter , Vincent A. Dutkiewicz , Ali Rusheed , Adil R. Khan , Liaquat Husain\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/S1465-9972(00)00038-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Major ion and trace metal concentrations were determined in aerosols and cloud water at a site in the Himalayan Mountains of Northern Pakistan. In spite of the fact that the site is well removed from significant urban/industrial pollution sources the SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> concentrations in some of the samples were as high as those observed in North America. Concentrations of Se, Tl, Pb, Cl, Cd, Sb, Zn, and As in aerosols were highly enriched relative to average crustal abundances indicating significant anthropogenic contributions. Cloud water concentrations of major ions and trace elements are reported for 18 samples from six different clouds. The pH varied between 5.3 and 6.8 in spite of the fact that the SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> concentration approached 300 μmol in some samples, values often observed in the northeastern US. Selenium was used as a tracer to determine in-cloud production of SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> in these clouds and in three of the six clouds 40–60% of the observed SO<sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub> came from in-cloud production.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100235,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chemosphere - Global Change Science\",\"volume\":\"3 1\",\"pages\":\"Pages 51-63\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2001-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(00)00038-6\",\"citationCount\":\"33\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chemosphere - Global Change Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1465997200000386\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1465997200000386","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Composition of aerosols and cloud water at a remote mountain site (2.8 kms) in Pakistan
Major ion and trace metal concentrations were determined in aerosols and cloud water at a site in the Himalayan Mountains of Northern Pakistan. In spite of the fact that the site is well removed from significant urban/industrial pollution sources the SO2−4 concentrations in some of the samples were as high as those observed in North America. Concentrations of Se, Tl, Pb, Cl, Cd, Sb, Zn, and As in aerosols were highly enriched relative to average crustal abundances indicating significant anthropogenic contributions. Cloud water concentrations of major ions and trace elements are reported for 18 samples from six different clouds. The pH varied between 5.3 and 6.8 in spite of the fact that the SO2−4 concentration approached 300 μmol in some samples, values often observed in the northeastern US. Selenium was used as a tracer to determine in-cloud production of SO2−4 in these clouds and in three of the six clouds 40–60% of the observed SO2−4 came from in-cloud production.