Association of lichen sclerosus and morphea with immune checkpoint therapy: a systematic review.

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been asso- ciated with various cutaneous immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including eczematous, psoriasiform, lichenoid, and bul- lous dermatoses. 1,2 Here, we evaluated reports of lichen sclerosus (LS) and morphea associated with ICIs. A literature search was conducted October 7, 2022 of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Search terms: “lichen sclerosus,” “scleroderma, localized,” “mor-phea,” “immune checkpoint inhibitor,” “immunotherapy,” “ipili- mumab,” “nivolumab,” “pembrolizumab,” “atezolizumab,” avelumab,” “durvalumab,” “cemiplimab,” “dostarlimab,” and “relatlimab,” yielding 318 studies. Titles, abstracts, and full-text manuscripts were screened for relevance. Twenty-three studies were included