An integrative analysis of proteomics and metabolomics reveals the effects of active restoration on Acropora hyacinthus

This study aimed to investigate the impact of active restoration on the physiology and metabolism of Acropora hyacinthus by comparing physiological, proteomic, and metabolomic differences between transplanted and natural corals. The results revealed that transplanted A. hyacinthus exhibited significantly higher quantum yield (F_v/F_m) and zooxanthellae density than natural corals. The proteome of the two groups was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and 202 up-regulated and 284 down-regulated differential proteins were found. In addition, the differential metabolites between the two groups were screened and classified, ultimately identifying 314 up-regulated differential metabolites and 29 down-regulated differential metabolites. A comprehensive analysis of the enrichment pathways reveals that three pathways, namely arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism, were found to be implicated in both the differential proteins and differential metabolites. Transplanted A. hyacinthus had low levels of (12S)-HETE, which may affect subsequent growth and development of the coral. This study demonstrates that aggressive restoration has contributed to an increase in coral cover, but the health of transplanted corals cannot be overlooked. Proteomics and metabolomics studies can offer essential insights for addressing potential coral health issues.